我国西瓜田草害发生及综合防控技术  

The infestation of weed species and their integrated management in watermelon fields in China

作　　者：李香菊[1] 陈景超[1] 黄兆峰[1] 崔海兰[1] 于海燕 LI Xiangju;CHEN Jingchao;HUANG Zhaofeng;CUI Hailan;YU Haiyan(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《现代农药》2024年第3期1-7,50,共8页MODERN AGROCHEMICALS

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-25)。

摘　　要：杂草是西瓜田重要的有害生物之一,近年来西瓜田杂草危害呈加重趋势。初步调查发现我国西瓜田杂草137种,隶属34个科,在样方中出现频率5%以上的杂草87种,隶属26个科。西瓜移栽后20~30 d为杂草防治关键期。西瓜田登记的除草剂有效成分有7个,其中,土壤处理剂精异丙甲草胺、异丙甲草胺、敌草胺、仲丁灵等对禾本科杂草防治效果较好,对大部分阔叶杂草防效差;茎叶处理剂精喹禾灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵、噁草酸等对禾本科杂草有效。西瓜田杂草防控应遵循良好种植规范下的综合治理策略(IPM),利用植物检疫、农作方法、生态调控等除草措施辅助除草剂科学使用,同时注重选育耐除草剂西瓜材料,保证西瓜高产、优质和安全生产。Weed was one of the important harmful organisms in watermelon fields.The initial investigation showed that there were 137 weed species in watermelon growing regions in China,which belonged to 34 families,and 87 species with more than 5% in frequency in the quadrat samples belonging to 26 families among them.The critical period of interference between weeds and watermelon for weed control was 20-30 days after watermelon transplanting.There were 7 effective ingredients of herbicides registered in watermelon fields,among them,S-metolachlor,metolachlor,napropamide and butralin were used for soil application and quizalofop-P-ethyl,haloxyfop-P-methyl and propaquizafop were used for foliar application providing good control efficacies on grass weeds.Weed control in watermelon fields should follow the integrated management strategy(IPM)under good agricultural practices,combining the measures such as plant quarantine,cultural control,and ecological control with herbicides.

关 键 词：西瓜 杂草 综合治理策略 除草剂 

分 类 号：S451.242[农业科学—植物保护]