雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼不同年龄鉴定材料的比较  

Comparative studies on age identification materials for Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus from the middle reaches of Yalong River

作　　者：万卓坤 甘维熊 赵春娴 曾如奎 丁钰玮 李天才 冯雪[1] 白云鹏 付梅 姚维志[1] 吕红健 WAN Zhuokun;GAN Weixiong;ZHAO Chunxian;ZENG Rukui;DING Yuwei;LI Tiancai;FENG Xue;BAI Yunpeng;FU Mei;YAO Weizhi;LÜHongjian(Research Center for Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River,Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China;Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水产学院,农业农村部长江上游水生生物多样性保护研究中心,渔业资源环境研究中心,重庆400716 [2]雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司,四川成都610000

出　　处：《水产学报》2024年第6期84-97,共14页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31802296);雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司科研项目(YLGZ-GZA-ZZ2020232);农业农村部长江流域渔政监督管理办公室资助项目(171821301354051042,17200302)。

摘　　要：厚唇裸重唇鱼是我国特有的裂腹鱼类,于2021年被列入国家二级保护动物。为探究厚唇裸重唇鱼的最适年龄鉴定材料,实验以2020年10-11月在雅砻江中游所采集的83尾厚唇裸重唇鱼为研究对象,对其微耳石、星耳石、脊椎骨、臀鳞、鳃盖骨、背鳍条和匙骨7种年龄鉴定材料进行比较研究,以确定适合的年龄鉴定材料。结果显示,背鳍条和匙骨上未出现轮纹,且星耳石上轮纹密集复杂,无法计数;因此,背鳍条、匙骨和星耳石不适合作为厚唇裸重唇鱼的年龄鉴定材料。微耳石磨片轮纹清晰度最高,同一观察者2次年龄读数间的吻合率(CR)最高(84.34%),平均百分比误差(IAPE)最低(1.38%),为厚唇裸重唇鱼最适合的年龄鉴定材料。但是,微耳石重量尚不能直接用于厚唇裸重唇鱼的年龄估算。此外,脊椎骨与微耳石磨片的年龄读数差异较小(CR:96.39%,IAPE:0.52%),二者相互参照能使厚唇裸重唇鱼的年龄鉴定结果更加准确。臀鳞仅适用于厚唇裸重唇鱼低龄个体(≤5龄)的年龄鉴定,鳃盖骨较不适合作为厚唇裸重唇鱼的年龄鉴定材料。研究结果填补了厚唇裸重唇鱼在年龄鉴定方面的空白,并为后续厚唇裸重唇鱼在生长、摄食、繁殖特性等基础生物学研究方面提供了可靠的年龄鉴定材料。综上所述,微耳石是厚唇裸重唇鱼的最适年龄鉴定材料,且辅以脊椎骨将使年龄鉴定结果更准确。Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus is an endemic schizothoracinae fish in China,which is mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the middle and upper reaches of Yalong River(tributary of the Jinsha River).In recent years,the wild resources of G.pachycheilus have declined seriously,and it has been listed as a second-class state-protected animal of China since 2021.In order to determine the suitable age identification materials for G.pachycheilus,we studied seven age identification materials of G.pachycheilus(including lapillus,asteriscus,vertebrae,anal scale,operculum,dorsal fin spine,and cleithrum)by using 83 samples from the middle reaches of Yalong River in October-November 2020.Preliminary observations showed that there was no obvious characteristics of annual rings on the dorsal fin spine and cleithrum,and the rings on asteriscus were too dense and complex to be counted.Thus,it was concluded that dorsal fin spine,cleithrum,and asteriscus are not suitable age identification materials for G.pachycheilus.Moreover,the lapillus proved the optimal age identification material for G.pachycheilus,which had the highest clarity,as well as the highest coincidence rate(CR:84.34%)and the lowest index of average percent error(IAPE:1.38%)between two age readings by the same observer.However,the weight of lapillus was not suitable for age identification of G.pachycheilus.Due to the similar age readings by the vertebrae and lapillus(CR:96.39%,IAPE:0.52%),the complementary readings of these two materials could make the age identification results of G.pachycheilus more accurate.In addition,the anal scale was only suitable for the age identification of low-aged G.pachycheilus(aged≤5 years),and the operculum was unsuitable for age identification of G.pachycheilus.Our results have filled the research gap concerning age identification of G.pachycheilus,and provided applicable age identification materials for the basic biological studies on growth,feeding,and reproductive characteristics of G.pachycheilus.

关 键 词：厚唇裸重唇鱼 年龄鉴定 微耳石 脊椎骨 臀鳞 雅砻江中游 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]