基于改进浮动单元的城市职住平衡时间尺度估计——以广州市为例  

Time Scale Estimation of Urban Job-Housing Balance Based on Improved Floating Units:a Case Study of Guangzhou

作　　者：孙泽彬[1,2] 陈子睿 熊思敏 陈传禹 吴蔚 SUN Zebin;CHEN Zirui;XIONG Simin;CHEN Chuanyu;WU Wei(Guangzhou Urban Planning&Design Survey Research Institute,Guangzhou Guangdong 510060,China;Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing,Monitoring and Early Warning,Guangzhou Guangdong 510060,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院,广东广州510060 [2]广东省城市感知与监测预警企业重点实验室,广东广州510060

出　　处：《城市交通》2024年第2期74-85,共12页Urban Transport of China

基　　金：“广东省城市感知与监测预警企业重点实验室基金项目”资助(2020B121202019);广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院科技基金项目“新职住平衡下的广州交通战略及实施路径研究(第一期)”(RDI2210205150)。

摘　　要：已有研究对城市职住平衡的测度往往存在可塑性面积单元问题,且忽略了交通网络在职住联系中的媒介作用。提出一种改进的浮动单元法,构建基于道路和城市轨道交通网络的数据集,以时间为职住分析尺度生成浮动单元,运用手机信令数据对职住平衡进行测度。以广州市为例,对就业中心和居住区的职住平衡时间尺度进行估计。研究发现:广州市中心城区职住平衡时间尺度分布呈圈层式空间特征,职住平衡时间尺度从一级就业中心向外围先减小再增大;城市轨道交通缩小了就业中心的职住平衡时间尺度;一级、二级(不处于一级就业中心的辐射范围内)和三级就业中心的职住平衡时间尺度分别为32~40 min、14~28 min和10~20 min,而居住组团的职住平衡时间尺度主要依附于就业中心且受到城市轨道交通的影响。最后,提出在合适的时间尺度下对职住空间结构进行评估和优化住房和就业等资源配置,并重视城市轨道交通对职住空间结构的影响。Existing studies on urban job-housing balance have limitations in terms of modifiable areal unit problems during statistical analysis and they tend to overlook the mediating role of transportation networks in job-housing relationship.This paper proposes an improved floating units method to measure job-housing balance utilizing mobile signaling data.The method involves the construction of a dataset based on road and urban rail transit network,with a temporal scale of job-housing balance to generate floating units.Taking Guangzhou as an example,the time scales of job-housing balance in employment centers and residential areas are estimated.The results show that the job-housing balance time scales in the downtown area of Guangzhou exhibit a concentric spatial characteristic,decreasing from the primary employment center to the periphery and then increasing.Urban rail transit reduces the time scale of job-housing balance of employment centers.The time scales of job-housing balance in primary,secondary(not included in the coverage of primary employment centers),and tertiary employment centers are 32 to 40 minutes,14 to 28 minutes,and 10 to 20 minutes,respectively,while those in residential clusters mainly depend on employment centers and are influenced by urban rail transit.Finally,the paper includes recommendations on evaluating and optimizing the allocation of resources such as housing and employment at appropriate time scales and promoting the role of urban rail transit in improving the job-housing spatial structure.

关 键 词：交通规划 职住平衡 时间尺度 浮动单元 交通网络 可达性 城市轨道交通 手机信令数据 广州市 

分 类 号：U491.12[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]