非政府组织在冲突环境下的组织韧性——以“健康扶贫行动”在缅北的生存与发展为例  

Organizational Resilience of NGOs in Conflict Environments: An Example of the Survival and Development of Health Poverty Action in Northern Myanmar

作　　者：李福建[1] 杨嘉宜 LI Fujian;YANG Jiayi(Center for Global Biosecurity Governance,China Foreign Affairs University,Beijing,China;Foreign Affairs Review,China Foreign Affairs University,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]外交学院全球生物安全治理研究中心 [2]外交学院《外交评论》编辑部

出　　处：《东南亚研究》2024年第2期1-24,153,154,共26页Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：外交学院自设课题“中国周边外交战略与策略”。

摘　　要：非政府组织是全球治理中的重要行为体,在冲突环境下的人道主义援助、发展合作乃至建设和平进程中扮演着关键角色。然而,在冲突环境急剧变化、逆境丛生的状况下,为何一些非政府组织呈现出更强的生命力?本文引入“韧性”概念,提出基于“认知—行为—关系”互动的组织韧性进程模型,用以解释一些非政府组织在冲突环境下不仅能够反弹恢复生存,甚至实现改进发展的原因。缅北地区长期遭受战乱,社会发展迟滞,民众流离失所,近年来又成为网络赌博和电信诈骗的“温床”,是名副其实的边缘地带。自20世纪90年代以来,英国非政府组织“健康扶贫行动”云南代表处“致力于一个最贫困与最边缘化的人群享有卫生权利的世界”,进入高风险的缅北地区并持续运营30年,体现出强劲的生存能力和发展势头。无论是在缅甸军政府统治时期,还是在民主化转型时期,抑或是在紧急状态时期,“健康扶贫行动”都能够及时调整自身认知、改变行为模式、构建关系网络,展现出较强的韧性能力,有效应对缅北地区既有的和新出现的各种风险和挑战,实现跨越式发展。其韧性能力也不断进行迭代,最终达到韧性治理的结果。Non-governmental organizations(NGOs)are important actors in global governance and play a key role in humanitarian assistance,development cooperation and even peacebuilding in conflict environments.In the face of crisis and adversity,how can some NGOs have stronger vitality than others.This paper introduces the concept of“resilience”for analysis,proposes an organizational resilience process model based on cognitive-behavior-relationship interaction,and illustrate that how some NGOs can bounce for survival,and even bounce for development.Northern Myanmar has suffered from armed conflicts for a long time.Social and economic development is sluggish and many people are displaced.In recent years,the region has even become a center for online gambling and scams,is becoming the true periphery of the world.Since the 1990s,the Yunnan Representative Office of the British NGO Health Poverty Action,with the values of“working for a world where the poorest and most marginalized people enjoy the right to health”,has been operating in high-risk northern Myanmar for 30 years,demonstrating a strong capacity for survival and development.Whether under the rule of military junta,during the process of democratic transition,or during a state of emergency,Health Poverty Action have been able to adjust its self-cognition,transform its behavior patterns and build its networks of relationship,showing strong capability of resilience,so as to effectively respond to various existing and emerging risks and challenges,and to achieve leapfrog development.Its capability of resilience is constantly iterating,and finally achieves the result of resilient governance.

关 键 词：非政府组织 组织韧性 韧性治理 缅甸 “健康扶贫行动” 全球治理 

分 类 号：D813[政治法律—国际关系]