国民政府进驻南海诸岛前后对南海疆域主权的认知与维护  

The Nationalist Government's Cognition and Maintenance of Sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands Before and After Entry into the South China Sea Islands

作　　者：温小平 万唯嘉 WEN Xiaoping;WAN Weijia(School of Marxism,Hainan University,Haikou,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《东南亚研究》2024年第2期115-130,157,共17页Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“环南海区域各民族跨语际交流与跨文明互鉴史资料整理及研究”(23BZS164);海南省研究生创新科研课题“抗战胜利前后中国南海疆域认知演变与主权维护研究”(Qhys2022-22)。

摘　　要：观念是行动的先导。历经“日占东沙岛”、“何瑞年承领西沙”和“法占九小岛”等事件的刺激和影响,中国人民对南海疆域的认知不仅从“天下观”向“国家观”转型,也对“领海”“海权”等近代海洋概念有了初步的认识和理解。在海洋权益遭受列强掠夺和侵占等背景下,更是逐渐形成“争主权于万难”的行动自觉。伴随着抗日战争的胜利,中国政府基于战后国际秩序所享有的权利,积极擘画收复南海诸岛。在筹备进驻工作过程中,不仅明晰了南海诸岛的管辖隶属、地理位置、收复范围、进驻风险和难度等问题,更在顺利进驻后,在“建设西南沙群岛巩固国防,力保主权”和“要认识国土”等思想认知下,通过有计划、有组织地引导民众参与南海主权维护,直接引发了国人更大范围、更深层次、更宽领域的南海维权行动,进而逐渐形成以政府为主导、民众积极参与的南海疆域主权捍卫互动局面,产生了深远的历史影响。Concept is the prelude to action.Through the stimulation and influence of events such as the“Japanese occupation of the Dongsha Islands”,“He Ruinian taking charge of the Xisha Islands”,and“French occupation of the Nine Islands”,the Chinese people s conceptual awareness of the South China Sea territory has not only transformed from a“world view”to a“national view”,but has also gained a preliminary understanding of modern maritime concepts,such as“territorial sea”and“maritime rights”.It is especially under the backdrop of expansion,looting,and occupation of maritime rights by foreign powers that a conscious effort to“fight for sovereignty against all odds”gradually took shape.With the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan,based on the rights enjoyed under the post-war international order,the Chinese government actively planned to recover the South China Sea Islands.In the course of the preparations for garrisoning,not only were issues regarding jurisdiction,geographical location,range of recovery,and risks of establishment of the South China Sea Islands clarified,but after successful entry,guided by the thoughts of“building and defending the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands to solidify national defense,and protecting sovereignty”and“understanding national territories”,the government systematically and consistently encouraged public participation in maintaining sovereignty over the South China Sea.This directly triggered a wider,deeper,and more extensive range of actions for defending rights in the South China Sea among the Chinese people,gradually forming an interactive situation where the government led and the people actively participated in safeguarding the sovereignty of the South China Sea territories,ultimately leading to profound historical influences.

关 键 词：国民政府 南海诸岛 认知 主权维护 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]