海空背景下低慢小目标泛探雷达多域多维特征建模与分析  

Multi-Domain and Multi-Dimensional Feature Modeling and Analysis of Low,Slow,and Small Targets via Ubiquitous Radar Under Sea and Air Background

作　　者：邓振华 陈小龙 薛伟 张月 汪兴海 关键 赵志坚 DENG Zhenhua;CHEN Xiaolong;XUE Wei;ZHANG Yue;WANG Xinghai;GUAN Jian;ZHAO Zhijian(Yantai Research Institute of Harbin Engineering University,Yantai,Shandong 264000,China;Naval Aviation University,Yantai,Shandong 264001,China;School of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Sun Yat-Sen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518107,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学烟台研究院,山东烟台264000 [2]海军航空大学,山东烟台264001 [3]中山大学电子与通信工程学院,广东深圳518107

出　　处：《信号处理》2024年第5期801-814,共14页Journal of Signal Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62222120,61931021);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021YQ43)。

摘　　要：飞鸟和无人机等“低慢小”目标回波微弱、特征不明显,对雷达探测和识别提出了很高的要求,对其特征建模与特性分析是基础,而获取雷达多域多维的目标特征是前提。数字阵泛探雷达通过“宽发窄收”工作模式,实现目标的长时间积累,实现更高的积累增益和多普勒分辨率,能够获得目标的多域多维特征,为“低慢小”目标的精细化处理和探测识别一体化奠定了基础。该文针对海空背景下的飞鸟、旋翼和固定翼无人机、直升机等“低慢小”目标,利用数字阵泛探雷达系统获得的距离-方位-帧间、距离-脉冲-帧间等多维数据,提取目标的时域回波特征(单帧脉冲回波、动态脉冲回波)、变换域多普勒特征(多普勒瀑布图、微多普勒谱)、长时间机动特征(加速度序列、加加速度序列、航迹)7类19种多域多维特征,能够充分的反映目标在单帧和多帧数据间的幅值起伏、能量变化、运动、机动、微动等特性,从而实现对“低慢小”目标的精细化特性描述与分析。最后,采集并构建了数字阵泛探雷达“低慢小”目标特征数据集,对典型目标的特征进行验证和定量、定性分析,总结不同目标的特征差异,验证结果表明,四种类型的“低慢小”目标的多维特征具有明显的区别,获得的特征和差异将为后续的“低慢小”目标分类和识别提供重要支撑。The weak echo and indistinct features of low,slow,and small(LSS)targets,such as birds and drones,pose high requirements for radar detection and recognition.Feature modeling and analysis are the foundation,while obtaining multi-domain and multi-dimensional target features for radar is the prerequisite.The digital array ubiquitous radar achieves long-time integration of targets through the“wide beam transmission and narrow beam reception”working mode,achieving a higher integration gain and Doppler resolution.It can obtain multi-dimensional features of targets in multiple domains,laying the foundation for the fine processing of LSS targets and the integration of detection and recognition.This study focuses on LSS targets such as birds,rotors,fixed-wing aircraft,and helicopters in sea and air environments.Using multi-dimensional data such as range,azimuth,inter-frame and range,pulse,inter-frame obtained from a digital array ubiquitous radar system,time-domain echo features of the LSS targets(single frame and dynamic pulse echoes),transform domain Doppler features(Doppler waterfall plot and micro-Doppler spectrum),and long-time maneuvering features(acceleration sequence,and trajectory)7 categories and 19 types of multi-domain and multi-dimensional features are extracted,which can fully reflect the amplitude fluctuations,energy changes,motion,maneuvering,micro-motion,and other characteristics of the target between single and multiple frames of data,thereby achieving fine characterization and analysis of LSS targets.Finally,a dataset of LSS target features was collected and constructed using the ubiquitous digital array radar.The characteristics of typical targets were validated and quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed,and the feature differences of different targets were summarized.Regarding signal characteristics,single-frame pulse echo plots of the rotor wing drone,helicopter,and fixed-wing aircraft are periodic;the single-frame pulse echo of the flying bird fluctuates irregularly and is not periodic.The tim

关 键 词：“低慢小”目标 数字阵泛探雷达 回波特征 多普勒特征 机动特征 

分 类 号：TN957.51[电子电信—信号与信息处理]