广州市2022年臭氧污染特征与成因分析  

Analysis of characteristics and cause of ozone pollution in Guangzhou in 2022

作　　者：黄继章[1] 高健[2] 余美芳 高锐 裴成磊 杨素霞 张金谱 宋伟 李磊[5] 李银松 郭昊 叶子铭[1] HUANG Ji-zhang;GAO Jian;YU Mei-fang;GAO Rui;PEI Cheng-lei;YANG Su-xia;ZHANG Jin-pu;SONG Wei;LI lei;LI Yin-song;GUO Hao;YE Zi-ming(Guangzhou Research Institute of Environment Protection Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510620,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Guangzhou Sub-branch of Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510630,China;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China;Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co.,Ltd,Guangzhou 510535,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市环境保护科学研究院有限公司,广东广州510620 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]广东省广州生态环境监测中心站,广东广州510006 [4]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广东广州510630 [5]中山大学大气学院,广东珠海519082 [6]广州禾信仪器股份有限公司,广东广州510535

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第6期3100-3110,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：广州市大气预警防控技术支撑(2022年第76号)。

摘　　要：选取2022年O_(3)及其前体物观测数据、气象观测数据和ERA5再分析数据,结合基于观测的模型(OBM)和后向轨迹模型,分析了2022年广州市O_(3)污染特征,识别了O_(3)生成控制区及关键敏感型物种,并从O_(3)前体物排放、气象条件和区域传输3个方面开展了O_(3)污染成因分析.结果表明:广州市O_(3)生成以VOCs控制和NO_(x)-VOCs协同控制为主,现阶段VOCs和NO_(x)减排比例应不低于1:1;O_(3)生成对含氧VOCs最为敏感,其次是植物源VOCs(BVOCs)、烯烃、芳香烃和烷烃;2022年广州市O_(3)前体物NO_(x)和VOCs浓度同比下降14.7%和30.4%,但副高强盛、台风外围环流影响频繁叠加强辐射、高温、低湿等不利气象条件和区域传输抵消了广州市本地前体物减排的成效,造成O_(3)浓度上升,其中典型O_(3)污染过程(2022年9月16~22日)气流轨迹由西北、西南方向气团转变为东和东南方向气团,易受到来自周边城市区域传输影响.建议下一步持续推动NO_(x)减排,促进O_(3)对NO_(x)敏感性向正敏感性的转变,同时积极构建区域联防联控机制,降低区域传输贡献.In this study,observational data of O_(3)and its precursors,meteorological observations,and ERA5reanalysis data for 2022 were selected to analyze the characteristics of O_(3)pollution in Guangzhou.Utilizing both Observation-Based Modeling(OBM)and backward trajectory models,we identified O_(3)generation sensitivity control zones and key sensitive species,and conducted an analysis of O_(3)pollution causes from three aspects:O_(3)precursor emissions,meteorological conditions,and regional transport.The results indicate that:O_(3)generation in Guangzhou is primarily controlled by volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and NO_(x)-VOCs synergy,with the current VOCs to NO_(x)emission reduction ratio not being less than 1:1.O_(3)generation is most sensitive to oxygen-containing VOCs,followed by biogenic VOCs(BVOCs),alkenes,aromatics,and alkanes.Despite a 14.7%decrease in NO_(x)and a 30.4%decrease in VOC concentrations in 2022,the effectiveness of local emission reduction in Guangzhou was offset by adverse meteorological conditions such as the strong subtropical high,frequent influences of peripheral circulation from typhoons,and unfavorable meteorological conditions such as enhanced radiation,high temperature,and low humidity,along with regional transport,leading to an increase in O_(3)concentrations.During typical O_(3)pollution events(September 16~22,2022),airflow trajectories shifted from northwest and southwest directions to east and southeast directions,making it susceptible to regional transport from surrounding urban areas.Recommendations for future actions include continued efforts to reduce NO_(x)emissions,promoting a shift in O_(3)sensitivity from NO_(x)-sensitive to NO_(x)-insensitive,and actively building regional joint prevention and control mechanisms to reduce regional transport contributions.

关 键 词：广州市 臭氧污染 基于观测的模型(OBM) 前体物 气象条件 区域传输 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]