城镇污水厂各工序段对微塑料去除率差异特性分析  

Analysis on the difference of microplastics removal efficiency in different working steps of urban sewage treatment plant

作　　者：米家辉 卢俊平[1,2] 刘廷玺 刘禹[1,2] 张琦 石震宇 刘莹慧[1] MI Jia-hui;LU Jun-ping;LIU Ting-xi;LIU Yu;ZHANG Qi;SHI Zhen-yu;LIU Ying-hui(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Water Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区水资源保护与利用重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第6期3122-3131,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023YFHH0060);内蒙古自治区教育厅科技英才项目(NJYT22040);内蒙古农业大学青年教师科研能力提升基金资助项目(BR220102);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52260029);内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(2022MS05053,2021MS04012);内蒙古自治区教育厅项目(NJZY21476)。

摘　　要：污水处理厂被认为是微塑料的主要排放与储存场所.为探究城镇污水处理厂不同处理工序段对污水中微塑料的去除效率差异特性,以内蒙古某污水处理厂为研究对象,通过采用体式显微镜观察,并借助LAS X软件统计分析的方法展开研究,结果表明:污水厂中微塑料的主要存在形态以纤维状为主(61.8%),其次为碎片状与薄膜状,微塑料的尺寸主要集中在0.25-0.50mm(32.9%).一级处理工序中对微塑料去除效果最好的构筑物分别是:粗格栅、细格栅和初沉池,尤其对尺寸小于0.25mm微塑料颗粒的去除效果最好.旋流沉砂池对纤维、碎片和薄膜状微塑料均没有起到积极的去除效果,二级处理工序中的二沉池对微塑料的去除起到了关键作用,其次为纤维生物转盘,其对尺寸介于0.50~1.00mm的微塑料去除效率最高.一级处理工序对3种形状微塑料的去除效率均为正值,且去除效率与微塑料尺寸呈负相关关系.一级处理工序中的构筑物对小尺寸微塑料的去除效率比较稳定,而对大尺寸微塑料的去除效率波动较大,对不同形状微塑料的去除率随污水在各处理构筑物流动方向沿程呈下降趋势.二级处理工序对3种形状微塑料的去除率均呈现为负值,而仅对尺寸小于0.50mm的微塑料去除率为正值.本研究旨在为污水厂提升微塑料去除率的运行管理提供理论指导作用.Wastewater disposal plants are considered as the main discharge and storage sites for microplastics.In order to explore the differences in the removal efficiency of microplastics from sewage in different disposal stages of urban wastewater disposal plants,a sewage disposal plant in Inner Mongolia was taken as the research object.Through adopting a stereomicroscope for observation and with the help of statistical analysis by using LAS X software,the results showed that:the main form of microplastics in sewage plants is fibrous(61.8%),followed by fragmented and thin film forms.The size of microplastics mainly concentrates in the range of 0.25~0.50mm.The structures with the best removal efficiency for microplastics in the primary disposal process are coarse grid,fine grid,and initial sedimentation tank,especially for microplastic particles smaller than 0.25mm.The cyclone sedimentation tank does not have a positive removal effect on fibers,fragments,and thin film microplastics.The secondary sedimentation tank in the secondary disposal process played a key role in the removal of microplastics,followed by the fiber biological rotary table,which has the highest removal efficiency for microplastics with sizes ranging from 0.50 to 1.00mm The removal efficiency of three types of microplastics in the first level disposal process was positive,and the removal efficiency was negatively correlated with the size of microplastics.The removal efficiency of structures in the first level disposal process is relatively stable for small-sized microplastics,while the removal efficiency of large-sized microplastics fluctuated greatly.The removal efficiency of microplastics with different shapes decreased along the flow direction of sewage in each disposal process.The removal efficiency of three types of microplastics in the second level disposal process is negative,while only for microplastics with a size less than 0.50mm is positive.This study aims to provide theoretical guidance for the operation and management of sewage disposal plan

关 键 词：微塑料 污水处理厂 去除效果 赋存形态 去除贡献率 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]