基于源头分类的城市生活垃圾社会成本评估——以北京市为例  

Social cost assessment of municipal solid waste based on source classification:A case study of Beijing

作　　者：姜艺婧 宋国君[1] 习婧欣 曲思越 JIANG Yi-jing;SONG Guo-jun;XI Jing-xin;QU Si-yue(School of Environment&Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Department of Economics,London School of Economics and Political Science,London WC2A 2AE,United Kingdom)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [2]伦敦政治经济学院经济系,伦敦WC2A2AE

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第6期3442-3454,共13页China Environmental Science

摘　　要：为实现低成本的城市生活垃圾管理目标,为政府提供收费、补贴和特许经营的决策依据,本文采用文献研究方法,在源头分类的前提下对北京市生活垃圾社会成本进行核算与评估.社会成本是指生活垃圾全生命周期各环节中由政府(和居民)承担的全部影响的货币化成本.结果表明,城市生活垃圾社会成本评估是可行的,全生命周期各项成本均可实现比较.北京市生活垃圾社会成本为98亿元,约占GDP的0.24%,单位生活垃圾社会成本为1254元/t;其他垃圾单位社会成本最高为1487元/t,其次是厨余垃圾710元/t,可回收物资源化利用389元/t;其他垃圾焚烧排放的危险空气污染物导致的人群健康损失成本是其他垃圾成本高的主要原因.北京市应继续加大可回收物和厨余垃圾的资源化利用补贴以降低其他垃圾的处置量,通过优化管理达到降低社会成本的目的.In order to achieve the goal of low-cost municipal solid waste(MSW)management and provide decision-making basis for MSW fees,subsidies and franchise management,this paper adopts the literature research method to calculate and evaluate the social cost of MSW in Beijing on the premise of source classification,and realize the monetization accounting of the full impact of the government(and residents)in all links of the life cycle of MSW.The results show that it is feasible to evaluate the social cost of MSW,and all costs are comparable in the whole life cycle.The social cost of MSW in Beijing is about 9.8 billion yuan,accounting for about 0.24%of GDP,and the social cost per unit of MSW is 1254 yuan/t;The unit social cost of other waste is the highest at 1487 yuan/t,followed by food waste at 710 yuan/t and recyclables at 389 yuan/t.The cost of human health loss caused by dangerous air pollutants emitted by other waste incineration is the main reason for the high cost of other waste.Beijing should continue to increase subsidies for the resource utilization of recyclables and food waste to reduce the amount of other waste disposal and reduce social costs through optimized management.

关 键 词：城市生活垃圾 生命周期评价 社会成本 北京市 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X32