灌溉用水户水权交易对农业灌溉、生产和收入的影响——基于四省的实证检验  

Impact of irrigation water rights trading on agricultural irrigation,production,and income:An empirical examination based on four provinces

作　　者：吴伟 WU Wei(School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第6期3466-3479,共14页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(23&ZD141)。

摘　　要：基于甘肃、山西、河北和湖南四省2019年至2022年灌溉用水户水权交易数据,构建基于产权理论和新制度经济学的理论分析框架,分析灌溉用水户水权交易改革政策实施前后的变化,使用双重差分固定效应模型评估改革的影响,实证检验灌溉用水权交易能否通过合同节水、额定灌溉用水额、调整农作物种植结构机制对农业灌溉面积、农业产出和农户收入产生影响.结果显示,在产权界定明晰的前提下,节水合同为交易提供了保障,额定用水量从需求管理角度促进了节水效应和用水效率提升,考虑到交易水权的成本和用水效益,调整优化农作物结构成为增产增收的重要途径.研究结论,通过水权交易、节水合同机制和用水定额制度,激励农户提高灌溉用水效率,优化作物种植结构,实现了水资源的高效配置,促进了农业总产出和农户收入的增长,有利于可持续农业发展.A theoretical analysis framework was developed based on property rights theory and new institutional economics to analyze the changes before and after the implementation of the policy of irrigation water users'water rights transaction,and the impact of the reform was evaluated using the differential fixed-effect model.The framework was based on the water rights transaction data of irrigation water users in Gansu,Shanxi,Hebei,and Hunan provinces from 2019 to 2022.The study uses contractual water conservation,rated irrigation water consumption,and crop planting structure adjustment to empirically investigate whether the exchange of irrigation water rights can affect agricultural irrigated area,agricultural production,and farmers'income.The results show that with property rights precisely defined,water-saving contracts provide protection for water rights transaction,and rated water consumption promotes the improvement of water-saving effect and water-use efficiency from the perspective of demand management.Crop structure optimization and adjustment become crucial strategies for raising income and productivity when taking into account the costs and benefits associated with exchanging water rights.The findings demonstrate that through water rights trading,water-saving contract mechanism and water quota system,farmers are encouraged to improve irrigation water efficiency and optimize crop planting structure,which ensures efficient allocation of water resources,promotes the growth of total agricultural output and farmers'income,and contributes to sustainable agricultural development.

关 键 词：灌溉用水户 水权交易 农业灌溉 生产 收入 水资源 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]