基于三维点云建模的单木胸径非接触式测量  

Non Contact Measurement of Single Wood Breast Diameter Based on 3D Point Cloud Modeling

作　　者：高霞 廖一鹏[2] GAO Xia;LIAO YiPeng(School of Digital Information Engineering,Minjiang Teachers College,Fuzhou Fujian 350108;College of Physics and Information Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou Fujian 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]闽江师范高等专科学校数字信息工程学院,福建福州350108 [2]福州大学物理与信息工程学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《曲靖师范学院学报》2024年第3期68-77,共10页Journal of Qujing Normal University

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金“基于视觉特征及深度核极限学习机的浮选精矿品位软测量方法”(2019J01224).

摘　　要：为提升单木胸径三维点云非接触式测量的便利性和精度,提出一种基于三维点云建模的单木特征参数提取与检测方法.首先,采用IMAGER 5010陆地式三维激光扫描仪获取单木多方向点云数据,并采用最近点搜索法实现多方向点云配准;其次,结合统计滤波和几何滤波滤除大尺度点云噪声,采用改进的双边滤波算法消除小尺度点云噪声,再通过包络网格法进行点云数据精简;然后,通过蚁群算法对单木胸高处的散乱点云进行优化排序;最后,对胸高处的排序点云进行三次B样条轮廓线拟合及单木胸径计算.实验结果表明,本方法可有效实现多方向点云配准和滤除不同尺度点云噪声,蚁群算法可以较好地逼近全局最优解、收敛效率高,采用蚁群算法对胸高处散乱点云优化排序后,单木胸径的测量精度和稳定性都得到较好的提升,测量相对误差均在技术规定的1.5%以内,可实现单木胸径的远距离非接触式快速精确测量.A single wood feature parameter extraction and detection method based on 3D point cloud modeling was proposed to improve the convenience and accuracy of non-contact measurement of single wood breast diameter using 3D point cloud.Firstly,the IMAGER 5010 terrestrial 3D laser scanner was used to obtain single tree multi-directional point cloud data,and the nearest point search method was used to achieve multi-directional point cloud registration.Secondly,an improved bilateral filtering algorithm was used to eliminate small-scale point cloud noise,and then point cloud data was simplified using the envelope grid method by combining statistical filtering and geometric filtering to remove large-scale point cloud noise.Then,the scattered point clouds at the height of a single tree chest using ant colony algorithm were optimized and sorted.Finally,cubic B-spline contour fitting and single tree diameter calculation were performed on the sorted point cloud at the chest height.The experimental results showed that the method proposed in this paper can effectively achieve multi-directional point cloud registration and filter out point cloud noise of different scales.The ant colony algorithm can approach the global optimal solution well and has high convergence efficiency.After optimizing the sorting of scattered point clouds at the chest height using the ant colony algorithm,the measurement accuracy and stability of single wood breast diameter are improved significantly.The relative measurement error is within 1.5%of the technical specifications,and the long-distance non-contact rapid and accurate measurement of single wood breast diameter can be achieved.

关 键 词：单木胸径测量 多方向点云配准 大小尺度点云去噪 蚁群算法 三次B样条曲线拟合 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]