基于多源观测数据的华北冬季冷云催化物理响应分析  

Analysis of Physical Response to Cold Cloud Seeding over North China in Winter Based on Multisource Observations

作　　者：王晓青 董晓波 杨洁帆[4] 王姝怡[3] 侯劭禹 张晓瑞 闫非 WANG Xiaoqing;DONG Xiaobo;YANG Jiefan;WANG Shuyi;HOU Shaoyu;ZHANG Xiaorui;YAN Fei(Xiong’an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory,China Meteorological Administration,Xiong’an New Area 071800;Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050021;Hebei Provincial Weather Modification Center,Shijiazhuang 050021;Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点开放实验室,雄安新区071800 [2]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室,石家庄050021 [3]河北省人工影响天气中心,石家庄050021 [4]中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《大气科学》2024年第3期1247-1260,共14页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目D2023304001;中国气象局创新发展专项CXFZ2023J038;河北省省级科技计划项目20375402D。

摘　　要：本文利用高性能增雨飞机、地面S波段双偏振雷达和卫星观测数据,分析了2022年1月20日河北中南部地区一次过冷云微物理特征及飞机增雨作业后的物理响应。研究结果表明,受西南暖湿气流和东风回流共同影响,河北中南部地区形成大范围层状云,云底高1400 m,云顶高2100 m,主要由过冷云滴组成,受地形抬升作用影响,从云底到云顶,云滴谱宽逐渐增加。雷达显示,2100 m高度催化作业后,受碘化银核化影响,过冷云滴迅速形成冰晶、雪和少量霰粒子,粒子尺度的增大致使雷达上出现与飞机催化轨迹形状相一致的回波带。FY-4A卫星观测显示晶化作用在播云17~19 min后逐渐显现,云迹可维持约55 min。催化作业后过冷云滴形成冰晶粒子,冰晶粒子逐渐长大并下落,造成云顶下沉,在云顶形成了一条云沟。与周围过冷云相比,云沟内0.65μm通道光谱反射率和10.8μm黑体亮温增加,而3.72μm通道反射率降低。The microphysical characteristics of a supercooled cloud and the physical response of cloud seeding were examined by using high-performance rain enhancement aircraft,ground-based S-band dual-polarization radar,and satellite remote sensing observations in central and southern Hebei Province on January 20,2022.The findings revealed that,under the influence of the combination of southwest warm and humid air flow and easterly reflux,a large range of stratiform clouds formed with a cloud base of 1,400 m and a cloud top of 2100 m,which were primarily made up of supercooled cloud droplets in central and southern Hebei Province.Radar observations demonstrated that after cloud seeding at a height of 2100 m,the supercooled cloud droplets quickly froze into ice crystals,snow,and a few graupel particles affected by AgI nucleation.The increase in particle size led to improved radar reflectivity echoes in the cloud-seeding regions.FY-4A satellite observations revealed that clear icing cloud tracks occurred after 17–19 min of cloud seeding,which can be sustained for approximately 55 min.After cloud seeding,the supercooled cloud droplets formed ice crystal particles,which gradually grew and fell,resulting in the cloud top sinking and forming a cloud groove in the cloud top.Compared with the no-seeding regions,the reflectivity at 0.65μm and the blackbody brightness temperature at 10.8μm increased,whereas the reflectivity at 3.72μm decreased within the cloud tracks.

关 键 词：过冷层状云 物理响应 卫星反演 云迹 

分 类 号：P481[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]