国内外流域协同治理生态补偿的主要模式及其实践情境——兼论对黄河流域生态补偿模式优化进路的启示  

Main Models and Practical Situations of Ecological Compensation in Watershed Synergy Governance

作　　者：司林波 段露燕 裴索亚 Si Linbo;Duan Luyan;Pei Suoya

机构地区：[1]西北大学公共管理学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（生态环境与保护）》2023年第12期69-81,共13页ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND PROTECTION

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“党的十八大以来党领导生态文明建设‘制度-效能’转化的经验与启示”(22AZD091);陕西省社会科学基金年度项目“‘双碳’目标下加快陕西‘十四五’时期绿色低碳转型的生态保护路径与政策体系研究”(2022R003);陕西省创新能力支撑计划软科学项目“科技赋能黄河流域(陕西)生态保护的创新路径与政策体系研究”(2023-CX-RKX-119)。

摘　　要：流域生态补偿是一种以流域水资源保护为核心,调节流域经济发展和水环境保护关系的制度激励手段,也是一种促进跨流域协同治理的重要制度设计。基于外部性以及协同治理理论(SFIC模型),构建流域生态补偿“动力-主客体-行动”关系分析框架。通过应用分析框架对田纳西河流域、易北河流域、墨累一达令河流域、新安江流域、赤水河流域、黄河流域等国内外流域协同治理生态补偿典型案例进行比较分析,可以归纳出权威管理机构主导下“输血式”、市场主导下“造血式”、中央主导下“混合式”、跨区域政府间“输血式”四种类型的生态补偿模式,且每种模式类型都有其特定的应用条件和制约因素。借鉴国内外经验,黄河流域协同治理生态补偿模式可以从法制保障、平台支撑、市场引入、绩效考评等方面进行重点优化。Watershed ecological compensation is an institutional incentive means to regulate the relationship be-tween watershed economic development and water environment protection with the protection of watershed water re-sources as its core.It is also an important institutional design to promote cross-watershed synergy governance.Based on externality and synergy governance theories,this article constructs an analysis framework for the"dynamic-subject-ob-ject-action"relationship in watershed ecological compensation.Adopting this framework,this article makes comparative analysis on a range of domestic and international typical cases,including the Tennessee River Basins,Elbe River Ba-sins,Murray-Darling River Basins,Xin'an River Basins,Chishui River Basins,and Yellow River Basins.This article then summarizes four types of ecological compensation models:the"blood transfusion"model predominantly under the jurisdiction of authoritative management institutions,the"hematopoiesis"model steered by market forces,the"hybrid-type"model by central leadership,and the"blood transfusion"model conducted amongst cross-regional governments.Each model type has its specific application conditions and constraints.Drawing on domestic and international experi-ences,the ecological compensation model for the synergy governance within the Yellow River Basin can be optimized by focusing on aspects such as legal guarantees,platform support,market introduction,and performance evaluation.

关 键 词：流域生态补偿 协同治理 补偿模式 补偿机制 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]