基于联合收获机平台的覆秸式油菜联合播种机研制  

Development of the rapeseed direct seeding machine with stubble covering based on combined harvesting machine platform

作　　者：康艳 廖庆喜[1,2] 林建新 韩静轩 万星宇 张青松 KANG Yan;LIAO Qingxi;LIN Jianxin;HAN Jingxuan;WAN Xingyu;ZHANG Qingsong(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第9期15-25,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-12)。

摘　　要：针对长江中下游稻油轮作区水稻收获后留茬高、传统旋耕装置秸秆还田能力不足导致油菜成苗率不高等问题,该研究设计了一种基于联合收获机平台的覆秸式油菜联合播种机。为提高机具通过性,结合曲柄滑块机构运动原理,根据运动学分析对悬挂装置结构进行改进,增大后悬挂装置离地间隙;为实现秸秆覆盖还田,基于联合收获机脱粒装置结构特点增设秸秆粉碎侧抛装置,对秸秆粉碎和抛送过程开展动力学和运动学分析,确定了秸秆粉碎和铺放质量的影响因素。以机具前进速度、发动机动力输出转速为试验因素,以碎土率、厢面平整度、秸秆粉碎合格率和秸秆铺放均匀性为试验指标,开展单因素试验与二因素三水平中心复合试验,得到各因素对试验指标的影响规律及响应面模型。试验结果表明,前进速度和发动机动力输出转速对种床质量及秸秆粉碎铺放效果均影响显著(P<0.05),在前进速度2.89 km/h、发动机动力输出转速2210 r/min时碎土率为85.65%,厢面平整度为20.06 mm,秸秆粉碎合格率为90.31%,秸秆铺放均匀性为89.33%,机具作业效果较优。对优化后的作业参数进行圆整并开展验证试验,结果表明,在前进速度3 km/h、发动机动力输出转速2200 r/min时,碎土率为85.69%,厢面平整度为21.32 mm,秸秆粉碎合格率为89.35%,秸秆铺放均匀性为88.07%,与理论值的偏差分别为0.04个百分点、1.26 mm、0.96和1.26个百分点。研究结果可为油菜机械化播种和一机多用提供新思路。Persistent drought can often occur during the rapeseed sowing period in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Traditional rotary tillage devices cannot fully meet the large-scale production in recent years,due mainly to the excessive stubble residue after rice harvesting,less straw returning,and low seedling emergence rates.In this study,the rapeseed direct seeding machine was developed with stubble covering using a combined harvester platform.The harvesting,tillage and seeding were integrated into the one.A single operation realized the various tasks,such as collecting,shredding,and covering stubble residue for returning to the field,as well as seedbed preparation and rapeseed sowing.The movement principle of the crankslider mechanism was combined to improve the passability of the machine tool during field operation and transshipment,according to the structural properties of the guide rail vertical suspension device.The structure of the suspension device was also improved by kinematics analysis.There was an effective increase in the ground clearance of the rear suspension tilling and sowing system.As such,the lifting height increased by more than 50%,compared with the suspension device.In addition,the structural parameters of the threshing device were considered to achieve the straw mulching and return to the field.A strawcrushing and side-throwing device was added at the side end of the combine harvester.Furthermore,the rotational speed of the threshing cylinder was the main influencing factor on the qualified rate of straw crushing and the uniformity of straw laying.Dynamics and kinematics analysis was then conducted in the process of straw crushing and throwing.The single-and twofactor three-level central composite experiments were carried out to explore the impact of each test factor on the evaluation indexes,in order to evaluate the working performance of the whole machine.The forward speed of the machine and the engine power output speed were taken as the experimental factors.The experiment indexes we

关 键 词：联合收获机 播种机 油菜 覆秸 中心复合试验 

分 类 号：S223.24[农业科学—农业机械化工程]