蔬菜育苗高压静电吸附播种机理及系统参数优化  

Mechanism of high-voltage electrostatic adsorption seeding for vegetable seedlings and optimization of system parameters

作　　者：孙胜 胡斌[1,2,3] 马金虎 吴芯茗 罗昕 徐晓赟[1] 徐洛川 SUN Sheng;HU Bin;MA Jinhu;WU Xinming;LUO Xin;XU Xiaoyun;XU Luochuan(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,832003,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi,832003,China;Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Machinery,Shihezi,832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,石河子832003 [2]农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室,石河子832003 [3]现代农业机械兵团重点实验室,石河子832003

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第9期26-38,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32360439;52165036)。

摘　　要：针对现有气吸式穴盘育苗播种机对含杂较多且没有丸粒化的不规则小颗粒蔬菜种子存在吸孔堵塞而导致排种精度下降的技术难题,该研究摒弃小孔径、长导程吸孔,设计了一种基于高压静电吸附特性的蔬菜育苗播种机。通过理论分析及电势等值线分布仿真试验确定介电绝缘层材料;构建静电吸附力学模型,明确影响静电吸附力的主要因素及其相互关系,确定影响播种性能的电参数及范围;以型孔加工直径、正向高压静电发生器输出电压和种箱底面倾斜角度为试验因素,以播种合格指数、重播指数和漏播指数为响应指标进行三因素三水平Box-Behnken中心组合试验,得到各试验因素与响应指标间的数学模型,应用Design-Expert 10.0.4软件对数学模型进行多目标优化,得到最佳参数组合为:型孔加工直径5.91 mm、正向高压静电发生器输出电压17.67 kV、种箱底面倾斜角度14.69°,此时播种合格指数为91.13%、重播指数为3.02%、漏播指数为5.85%。播种性能验证试验的播种合格指数相较于优化结果降低了0.61个百分点、重播指数相较于优化结果降低了0.17个百分点、漏播指数相较于优化结果增加了0.78个百分点。试验误差在允许范围内,参数优化结果可靠,满足精量播种技术要求。研究结果可为不规则小颗粒蔬菜种子精量播种机械装备的研发提供参考,同时也可为不规则小颗粒物料定量吸附和快速分离方法研究及设备开发提供参考。Aiming at the existing air suction hole tray seedling sowing machine in the face of more impurities and no pill granulation irregular small particle vegetable seeds there are suction holes clogging and lead to the decline in the accuracy of seed discharge technical problems.In this study,a vegetable seedling planter based on high-voltage electrostatic adsorption characteristics was designed by discarding the small aperture and long conductance suction holes.The dielectric insulating layer material is determined by theoretical analysis and simulation tests of potential contour distribution.The results show that:as the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric insulating layer gradually increases,the distribution of equipotential lines between the type hole and the seed box is gradually dense,the potential difference gradually increases,the electric field is gradually strengthened,and the electrostatic adsorption force on the polarised seeds gradually increases,and the adsorption state becomes more and more stable;Construct a mechanical model of electrostatic adsorption,clarify the main factors affecting the electrostatic adsorption force and their interrelationships.The results show that the main factors affecting the size of the effective electrostatic adsorption force in the pore are the output voltage of the electrostatic generator,the hole machining diameter,the material of the dielectric insulating layer,the relative permittivity of the seed layer,the spacing between the pore and the seed layer,and the material of the electrode sheath and the inner and outer diameters of the pore.And determine the electrical parameters and ranges affecting the seeding performance;A three-factor,three-level Box-Behnken centre combination test was carried out with the hole machining diameter,positive high-voltage electrostatic generator output voltage and tilt angle of the seed box bottom as test factors,and sowing pass index,reseeding index and leakage index as response indicators.The results showed that the order of infl

关 键 词：播种机 蔬菜 制干辣椒 高压静电 吸附特性 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S24[农业科学—农业工程]