灌水施氮和缩节胺用量对南疆棉花产量品质和水肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of irrigation amount,nitrogen rate and mepiquat chloride dose on cotton yield,quality and water-fertilizer use efficiency in Southern Xinjiang of China

作　　者：范军亮[1,2] 白振涛 李云霞 白文强 裴胜钊 张富仓 尹飞虎[1,2,3] FAN Junliang;BAI Zhentao;LI Yunxia;BAI Wenqiang;PEI Shengzhao;ZHANG Fucang;YIN Feihu(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil-fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,石河子832000 [3]农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,石河子832000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第9期68-78,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403303);国家自然科学基金项目(51979231)。

摘　　要：为研究灌水量、施氮量和缩节胺用量对棉花籽棉产量、纤维品质和水肥利用效率的交互影响,于2020年和2021年在南疆库尔勒地区开展大田试验,设置3个灌水量(W1:60%ETc,W2:80%ETc,W_(3):100%ETc,ETc为作物蒸发蒸腾量),4个施氮量(N0:0,N200:200 kg/hm^(2),N_(300):300 kg/hm^(2),N_(400):400 kg/hm^(2))和2个缩节胺用量(D_(1):120 g/hm^(2),D_(2):240 g/hm^(2))。结果表明:灌水量、施氮量和缩节胺用量对籽棉产量、水分利用效率、肥料偏生产力和部分纤维品质指标影响显著(P<0.05)。灌水量、施氮量和缩节胺用量三者交互作用对肥料偏生产力和纤维品质影响显著(P<0.05)。株高、叶面积指数和干物质量也受灌水量、施氮量和缩节胺用量三者交互作用影响。W_(3)N_(300)D_(2)处理籽棉产量最高(2020年为7578 kg/hm^(2),2021年为7173 kg/hm^(2)),W1N_(400)D_(1)处理水分利用效率和W_(3)N0D_(2)处理肥料偏生产力最高,W_(3)N_(400)D_(2)处理的纤维长度、纤维强度和马克隆值均获得较大值,纤维品质最佳。基于TOPSIS综合评价方法对棉花产量品质和水肥利用效率进行综合评价,100%ETc灌水量、300 kg/hm^(2)施氮量和240 g/hm^(2)缩节胺用量组合最优,可作为南疆棉花适宜的水氮和化控管理模式。研究结果可为南疆棉花水肥高效利用提供理论依据和科学指导。Xinjiang has been one of the major cotton-producing areas in China.The yield and quality of cotton have been seriously limited to irrigation and fertilization,as well as the use efficiency of water and fertilizer resources.Irrigation,nitrogen fertilization,and mepiquat chloride have been widely used in the cotton production in recent years.This study aims to explore the interactive effects of irrigation amount,nitrogen rate,and mepiquat chloride dose on seed cotton yield,fiber quality,and water-fertilizer use efficiency.The field experiments were also carried out in the Korla region of Southern Xinjiang in 2020 and 2021,including three irrigations(W1:60%ETc,W2:80%ETc,and W_(3):100%ETc,where ETc was the crop evapotranspiration),four nitrogen rates(N0:0 kg/hm^(2),N200:200 kg/hm^(2),N_(300):300 kg/hm^(2),and N_(400):400 kg/hm^(2)),and two doses of mepiquat chloride(D_(1):120 g/hm^(2),and D_(2):240 g/hm^(2)).The planting mode was adopted as"one film,two pipes,and four rows".The fertilizer was dissolved in the irrigation water eight times for drip fertilization.The foliar spraying of mepiquat chloride was conducted using a manual knapsack sprayer.Some indicators were measured(such as the plant height,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,seed cotton yield,and fiber quality)to calculate the crop evapotranspiration,water use efficiency,and partial factor productivity of fertilizer.The results showed the irrigation amount,nitrogen rate,and mepiquat chloride dose significantly dominated the seed cotton yield,water use efficiency,partial factor productivity of fertilizer,and some indicators of fiber quality(P<0.05).Furthermore,their three-factor interaction also depended on the partial factor productivity of fertilizer and fiber quality(P<0.05).The irrigation amount increased the plant height,leaf area index,and dry matter accumulation,while the trend of nitrogen rate was the first increase and then decrease.The leaf area index of each treatment showed an S-shaped curve,as the growth period progressed,thus increasing rap

关 键 词：灌溉 肥 棉花 产量 品质 水分利用效率 肥料利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S274.1[农业科学—农业工程]