有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌肥对玉米产量与复垦土壤磷素有效性的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer combined with Pseudomonas fluorescein on maize yield and phosphorus activity in reclaimed soil

作　　者：焦金铖 安晓虎 徐晨曦 李廷亮[1] 孟会生[1] 张杰[1] 郝鲜俊[1] JIAO Jincheng;AN Xiaohu;XU Chenxi;LI Tingliang;MENG Huisheng;ZHANG Jie;HAO Xianjun(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第9期79-87,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41907215、U1710255-3);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2017ZZ08)。

摘　　要：复垦土壤贫瘠,磷素含量极低,严重影响作物的生长发育。研究化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌对玉米产量和复垦土壤磷素形态以及酶活性的影响,为加速培肥矿区复垦土壤提供技术支持和理论依据。该研究在山西省晋中市采煤塌陷区进行了2 a的定位培肥试验,共设置7个处理:不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、化肥配施荧光假单胞菌(CFB)、单施有机肥(M)、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌(MB)、化肥配施有机肥(MCF)、化肥有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌(MCFB)。采集各处理土壤样品测定相关指标,并通过相关性分析和结构方程模型来探究各形态磷与有效磷以及土壤磷酸酶之间的关系。结果表明:1)在整个试验周期(2021—2022年),与CK相比,不同施肥处理均能显著提高玉米产量以及各形态磷素。其中,以MB处理下的玉米产量、有效磷、磷活化系数、不稳定态磷以及部分不稳定态磷含量最高,与CK处理相比,玉米产量显著提高2.40倍,有效磷含量、磷活化系数值、不稳定态磷含量、部分不稳定态磷含量分别显著提高4.50倍、4.67倍、0.98倍、1.16倍。2)与CK处理相比,化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌能够显著提高土壤微生物量磷以及酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性,配施荧光假单胞菌后,微生物量磷水平和碱性磷酸酶活性均以MB较M处理提升效果最佳,分别显著提高27.08%和9.56%。3)结合相关性分析以及结构方程模型,随着荧光假单胞菌和化肥有机肥的施入,在提高不稳定态磷素含量的同时也提高有效磷的供应能力,促进磷素在农田生态系统中的循环转化,产生积极的正向影响。化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌能够一定程度上影响复垦土壤玉米产量及产量性状、各形态磷素及有效性和微生物活性,对复垦土壤脆弱的农田生态系统产生积极影响。Reclaimed soil is characterized by the infertility and extremely low phosphorus content,thus severely impeding the growth and development of crops.This study aims to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with Pseudomonas fluorescein on phosphorus fractions and enzyme activity in reclaimed soil,in order to accelerate the soil reclamation in mining areas.A two-year targeted fertilization experiment was conducted in a coal mining subsidence area in Jinzhong City,Shanxi Province,China.Seven treatments were established:no fertilization control(CK),single application of chemical fertilizer(CF),chemical fertilizer combined with P.fluorescein(CFB),single application of organic fertilizer(M),organic fertilizer combined with P.fluorescein(MB),chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer(MCF),and chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with P.fluorescein(MCFB).The soil samples were collected from the treatment plots.The phosphorus fractions,microbial biomass phosphorus,and soil phosphatase activity were measured after that.In addition,the correlation between soil phosphorus fractions and Olsen P was explored to construct the structural equation model between soil phosphorus fractions and microbial biomass phosphorus,acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase,and Olsen P.Results showed that:1)Different fertilization treatments significantly increased the maize yield and various phosphorus fractions during the entire experimental period(2021-2022),compared with CK.Among them,the MB treatment was achieved in the highest maize yield,Olsen-P content,phosphorus activation coefficient(PAC)value,labile phosphorus(LP),and moderately labile phosphorus(M-P)content.The maize yield,Olsen-P content,PAC value,L-P content,and M-P content increased significantly by 2.40,4.50,4.67,0.98,and 1.16 times,respectively,compared with the CK treatment.2)The application of chemical and organic fertilizer combined with P.fluorescein also increased the soil microbial biomass phosphorus and the act

关 键 词：复垦 土壤 磷 玉米产量 有机肥 土壤磷酸酶活性 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学] S153.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]