家庭文化资本对学生新高考选科的影响机制研究  

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Family Cultural Capital on Students'Subject Selection in the New Gaokao

作　　者：陈枫 李传宗 CHEN Feng;LI Chuanzong(Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《中国考试》2024年第6期100-110,共11页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：全国教育科学规划课题国家一般课题“8省市高考综合改革实施的跟踪评估研究”(BIA200188)。

摘　　要：新一轮高考综合改革实施科目选考制,在扩大学生选择范围的同时也使得选科结果的影响因素备受关注。作为家庭背景的重要指标之一,家庭文化资本不仅会直接影响学生的高考选科结果,而且会通过影响学生的选科动机间接影响选科决定。通过对第三批改革省市高中学生问卷调查结果的分析发现,高家庭文化资本的学生在高考选科过程中表现出更强的收集信息、主动选择和长远规划的意识,因此能够更准确地把握政策导向、更看重外部选科动机、更容易养成复制成功经验的路径依赖。然而,家庭文化资本在促使学生积极追求学业成功的同时,也削弱了他们的内在动机,在一定程度上限制了学生的个性发展和未来学业表现。学校和教师等应针对不同家庭背景的学生群体进行指导,帮助他们克服结构性资源劣势或行为模式限制,充分挖掘和利用身边的各类教育资源,使高考选科在更加科学公平的环境中开展。The new Gaokao reform introduces a subject selection system that not only expands students'choices but also underscores the growing significance of factors influencing subject selection results.As one of the important indicators of family background,family cultural capital directly impacts students'Gaokao subject selection results and indirectly influences their choices by affecting their motivation.An analysis of questionnaire results from high school students in provinces and cities participating in the third batch of the reform reveals that students with high family cultural capital demonstrate a stronger awareness of information gathering,active decision-making,and long-term planning.Consequently,they can better comprehend policy orientations,prioritize external motivations,and easily replicate successful experiences through path dependence.However,family cultural capital may undermine students'intrinsic motivation and thus constrain their personality development and future academic performance.To effectively construct a more equitable and scientific environment for the subject selection system implementation,schools and teachers should provide targeted guidance to student groups with diverse family traits to help them overcome structural resource disadvantages or behavioral patterns and fully leverage various educational resources available to them.

关 键 词：家庭文化资本 新高考 选科制 选科动机 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]