自触型低压混合式直流断路器系统设计与开断特性研究  

System Design and Breaking Characteristics Research of Self-triggered Low Voltage Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker

作　　者：张照资 高偲智 汪倩[2] 陈思磊 葛世伟 李兴文[1] ZHANG Zhaozi;GAO Caizhi;WANG Qian;CHEN Silei;GE Shiwei;LI Xingwen(State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(Xi’an Jiaotong University),Xi’an 710049,Shaanxi Province,China;School of Sciences,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi Province,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi Province,China;Zhejiang Tengen Electrics Co.,Ltd.,Wenzhou 325604,Zhejiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室(西安交通大学),陕西省西安市710049 [2]西安理工大学理学院,陕西省西安市710054 [3]西安理工大学电气工程学院,陕西省西安市710054 [4]浙江天正电气股份有限公司,浙江省温州市325604

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2024年第11期4544-4555,I0032,共13页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52277163);陕西省科技计划项目(2022TD-59)。

摘　　要：低压混合式直流断路器具有低功耗、高开断性能、选择性保护等优点,能更好地满足光伏和储能系统以及零碳建筑等应用需求。该文提出一种自触型低压混合式直流开关拓扑,首先通过对混合式断路器工作原理分析,建立基于电弧供能、驱动的机电系统耦合设计方法,该方法利用电弧能量为电子电路供能,并将电弧电压作为换流支路导通的控制信号,从而实现短路故障下系统的自动触发,并提出核心功能模块设计的理论依据。在此基础上,研制低压混合式断路器样机并验证设计方案的有效性,并对比分析不同因素对开断特性的影响规律。试验表明,相较于传统机械开关,小电流开断时间缩短85.4%、电弧能量减少94.1%,提升了断路器电气寿命,同时实现1.1 kA短路电流开断,发现系统总体响应时间与燃弧初期电压上升速率成正相关,电弧电导、支路寄生电感增大均会延长换流时间,电弧重燃概率则主要受外部系统参数影响。结果可为低压直流混合式断路器的优化设计和性能提升提供一定参考。The low voltage hybrid DC circuit breaker has the advantages of low power consumption,high breaking performance and selective protection,which can better meet the new development needs of photovoltaic,energy storage systems and zero carbon buildings.In this paper,a self-triggered low-voltage DC hybrid switch topology is proposed.First,through the analysis of the working principle of the hybrid circuit breaker,the electromechanical-coupling design method based on arc power supply and drive is proposed.This method uses the arc energy to supply energy to the electronic circuit,and uses the arc voltage as the control signal for the conduction of the converter branch to realize the automatic triggering of the system under short circuit fault.And the theoretical basis for the design of core functional modules is described.On this basis,a low voltage hybrid circuit breaker prototype is developed and the feasibility of the scheme is demonstrated.Finally,the influence rules of different factors on the breaking characteristics are compared and analyzed.Experiments show that compared with the traditional mechanical switch,the little current breaking time is reduced by 85.4%,and the arc energy is reduced by 94.1%,which improves the service life of the circuit breaker,and can successfully break 1.1 kA short-circuit current.It is pointed out that the overall response time of the system is positively related to the voltage rise rate at the initial stage of arcing.The increase of arc conductance and branch parasitic inductance will extend the commutation time.The arc reignition probability is mainly affected by the external system parameters.It may provide basis for the optimization design and performance improvement of low-voltage DC hybrid circuit breakers.

关 键 词：低压直流系统 混合式断路器 断路器寿命 小电流开断 短路开断 

分 类 号：TM561[电气工程—电器]