生物冶金技术的研究现状及发展趋势  

Research status and development trends of bioleaching technology

作　　者：杨宝军 刘洋 刘红昌[1,2] 李咏梅 甘敏[1,2] 王军 廖蕤[1,2] 章可 朱振宇 邱冠周[1,2] YANG Baojun;LIU Yang;LIU Hongchang;LI Yongmei;GAN Min;WANG Jun;LIAO Rui;ZHANG Ke;ZHU Zhenyu;QIU Guanzhou(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Key Lab of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education of China,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;School of Resources Environment and Safe Engineering,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,长沙410083 [2]中南大学生物冶金教育部重点实验室,长沙410083 [3]南华大学资源环境与安全工程学院,衡阳421001

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2024年第3期1-10,共10页Journal of Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2105300)。

摘　　要：低品位矿产资源的开发利用制约着全球绿色可持续发展,生物冶金技术是实现矿物加工和有色金属冶金领域绿色可持续发展的前沿性技术,同时在矿山重金属污染场地原位修复中发挥重要作用。综述了生物冶金技术的基本概念、微生物生理特征和作用机制,以及生物冶金在硫化铜矿浸出、难处理金矿氧化预处理、铀矿浸提、稀土提取等方面的应用和研究现状,提出未来应针对高效浸出微生物选育、生物浸出界面作用机制、高效节能装置和工程化技术等方面开展研究,并进一步拓展生物冶金技术研究及应用领域。The development and the utilization of low-grade mineral resources constrain global green and sustainable development.Bi-oleaching technology is a cutting-edge technology for achieving green and sustainable development in mineral processing and non-fer-rous metal metallurgy and plays an important role in in-situ remediation of heavy metal pollution sites in mines.This article reviewed the basic concepts,microbial physiological characteristics,and mechanisms of action of biotechnology,as well as the application and re-search status of biotechnology in copper ore extraction,refractory gold ore oxidation pretreatment,uranium ore extraction,and rare earth extraction.In the future,research should be conducted on the selection of high-efficiency leaching microorganisms,the interface mechanism of bioleaching,high-efficiency energy-saving devices,and engineering technologies,and further expanding the application fields of bioleaching technology.

关 键 词：生物冶金 铜矿 金矿 铀矿 稀土 

分 类 号：TF18[冶金工程—冶金物理化学] Q93[生物学—微生物学]