一体化旱耕整地泡田模式对稻田还原性物质和机插秧早期生长的影响  

Effects of an integrated dryland tillage and soaking pattern on the reducing substances in rice field and early growth of machine transplanted rice

作　　者：程爽 邢志鹏 田超 胡群 魏海燕 张洪程 CHENG Shuang;XING Zhi-Peng;TIAN Chao;HU Qun;WEI Hai-Yan;ZHANG Hong-Cheng(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院,扬州大学,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第7期1762-1775,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2022338);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX[20]1012);江苏水稻产业技术体系项目(JATS[2022]485);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(RAPD)资助。

摘　　要：针对稻麦轮作地区稻田耕整地质量不高以及还原性物质积累不利于机插秧早期生长等问题,探讨了应用一体化旱耕整泡田模式促进机插秧早期高质量生长的可行性。于2021—2022年在江苏省宿迁市泗洪县试验基地设置3种耕整地模式:一体化旱耕整地+泡田模式(Treatment 1,T1)、旱旋+泡田+水旋整地模式(Treatment 2,T2)、泡田+水旋整地模式(Treatment 3,T3),测定了稻田土壤氧化还原电位、不同土层还原性物质含量和机插稻生长早期根系和地上部性状。结果表明,土壤氧化还原电位以T1最高,在最低点较T2和T3分别提高19.3%~24.7%和31.6%~41.1%。不同耕整地模式显著影响了0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层内还原性物质总量、活性还原性物质、亚铁离子和二价锰离子的含量。其中,相较于T2和T3的均值,T1在0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层内活性还原性物质含量分别降低31.9%~37.6%和22.6%~23.5%,亚铁离子含量分别降低30.5%~40.3%和25.3%~27.3%。这一结果主要与T1显著降低了0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层的土壤容重,并提高了相应土层的土壤总孔隙度有关。机插秧根系性状(总根数、根干重、根系氧化力)和地上生长(茎蘖数、干物质积累量)均以T1最高,T2次之,T3最低。相比较于T2和T3的均值,移栽后30 d条件下T1的总根数增加9.6%~32.9%,根干重增加19.5%~53.8%,根系氧化力增加27.3%~34.7%,茎糵数增加9.0%~15.4%,干物质积累量增加30.7%~44.7%。相关性分析表明,T1条件下机插秧早期的高质量生长主要是由于0~5 cm土层内还原性物质含量的降低,特别是活性还原性物质和亚铁离子含量的显著降低(P<0.05)。综上,在稻麦轮作地区应用一体化旱耕整地泡田模式有助于降低稻田土壤中还原性物质含量,促进机插秧早期高质量生长。There were some problems in rice-wheat rotation areas,such as low quality of rice field soil preparation,and the accumulation of reducing substances was not conducive to the early growth of mechanically transplanting rice.We explored the feasibility of applying an integrated dry tillage and soaking pattern to promote high-quality early growth of machine transplanted rice.The experiment was carried out in the experimental base of Sihong county,Suqian city,Jiangsu province from 2021 to 2022.Three tillage patterns were conducted,namely integrated dryland tillage+soaking pattern(Treatment 1,T1),dryland rotary tillage+soaking+paddy rotary tillage pattern(Treatment 2,T2),and soaking+paddy rotary tillage pattern(Treatment 3,T3).The redox potential of paddy soil,the content of reducing substances in different soil layers,and the root and shoot traits of machine-transplanted rice at early growth stage were determined.The result showed that the soil redox potential of T1 was the highest,which was 19.3%–24.7%and 31.6%–41.1%higher than that of T2 and T3 at the lowest point,respectively.Different tillage patterns significantly affected the contents of total reducing substances,active reducing substances,ferrous ions,and divalent manganese ions in 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm soil layers.Among them,compared with the mean values of T2 and T3,the content of active reducing substances in the 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm soil layers of T1 decreased by 31.9%–37.6%and 22.6%–23.5%,respectively,and the content of ferrous ions decreased by 30.5%–40.3%and 25.3%–27.3%,respectively.This result was mainly related to the fact that T1 significantly reduced the soil bulk density of 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm soil layers and increased the total soil porosity of the same soil layers.Root traits(root total number,root dry weight,and root oxidation capacity)and above-ground indexes(tiller number,dry matter accumulation)of T1 were the highest,followed by T2,and T3 was the lowest.Compared with the mean values of T2 and T3,the total root number,root dry

关 键 词：机插秧 耕整地模式 还原性物质 秧苗生长 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]