Cu,Fe和SiO_(2)粉末对轮轨间摩擦性能影响试验  

Experimental Study on the Influence of Cu,Fe,and SiO_(2) Powders on the Friction Performance between Wheel Rail Materials

作　　者：宋瑞 孙丽霞 张忠凯 徐力 吴毅 沈钢 SONG Rui;SUN Lixia;ZHANG Zhongkai;XU Li;WU Yi;SHEN Gang(Institute of Rail Transit,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;China Railway Inspection and Certification Center,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Standard Metrology,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Railway Science and Technology Research and Development Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Wheel-Rail System Laboratory,National Engineering Research Center of System Technology for High-Speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit,Beijing 100081,China;Metals and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海201804 [2]中铁检验认证中心有限公司,北京100081 [3]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司标准计量研究所,北京100081 [4]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081 [5]高速铁路与城轨交通系统技术国家工程研究中心轮轨关系实验室,北京100081 [6]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2024年第3期107-116,共10页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(L2022J003);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题(2023YJ325)。

摘　　要：为寻找可替代硬质氧化物颗粒且能增加摩擦系数,并能减少对轮轨表面损伤的增黏材料,利用销盘摩擦试验机,在试验压力为0.5 MPa、转速为100,200,350,500 r·min^(-1)条件下,采用向轮轨摩擦表面添加粉末并观测摩擦表面形貌的方法,比较测试Cu,Fe与SiO_(2)粉末对摩擦系数、磨损量及表面硬度影响的差异性。结果表明:Cu,Fe粉末增加轮轨间摩擦系数的作用大于硬质SiO_(2)粉末,在摩擦表面添加Cu粉后摩擦系数增加0.2~0.3,添加Fe粉后增加0.1~0.2,添加SiO_(2)粉后在转速低于200 r·min^(-1)条件下增幅低于0.1,但在转速高于200 r·min^(-1)条件下并没有增加;低转速条件下SiO_(2)和Fe粉末使磨损量增加40%以上,而在转速大于200 r·min^(-1)时Cu粉末使磨损量降低50%,原因在于高硬度粒子加剧了对摩擦表面的犁削程度,导致磨损量成倍增加,而Cu粉末在剪切力的作用下易发生大塑性变形,从而黏附在摩擦表面,起到增大摩擦力和减小磨损量的作用;低速条件下Fe粉末和SiO_(2)粉末硬度高,与摩擦表面形成咬合作用,导致摩擦系数增加,而在转速提高时Fe和SiO_(2)粉末被粉碎细化,微细颗粒具有滚动效应,弱化了摩擦表面间的剪切力,难以起到增加摩擦系数的作用。In order to find alternative hard oxide particles to increase friction coefficient as well as adhesive materials to reduce damage to wheel rail surface,the effects of Cu,Fe and SiO_(2) powders on the friction coefficient,wear and surface hardness were compared and tested using a pin-on-disk friction testing machine by adding powder to the wheel rail friction surface,and the morphology of the friction surface were analyzed under the testing pressure of 0.5 MPa and the rotational speed of 100,200,350 and 500 r·min^(-1).The results showed that the effect of Cu and Fe powder on increasing the friction coefficient between wheel and rail is greater than that of hard SiO_(2) powder.The friction coefficient increased by 0.2-0.3 after Cu powder was added to the friction surface,0.1-0.2 after Fe powder was added.When the rotational speed was less than 200 r/min,the increase in friction coefficient by adding SiO_(2) powder was below 0.1.While the friction coefficient did not increase when the rotational speed exceeded 200 r·min^(-1).In terms of low rotational speed conditions,SiO_(2) and Fe powder increased wear by over 40%.When the rotational speed was greater than 200 r·min^(-1),Cu powder reduced the wear by 50%.The reason was that high hardness particles intensified the plowing of the friction surface,leading to a doubling of wear.Under the action of shear force,Cu powder is prone to significant plastic deformation,so as to adhere to the friction surface,which could increase friction and reduce wear.Under low rotational speed conditions,the hardness of Fe and SiO_(2) powder was high,which formed an bite effect with the friction surface,leading to an increase in friction coefficient.As the increase of rotational speed,Fe and SiO_(2) powder were crushed and refined,and the fine particles have a rolling effect,weakening the shear force between the surfaces and making it difficult to increase the friction coefficient.

关 键 词：轮轨关系 轮轨摩擦 粉末颗粒 磨损 增黏 摩擦系数 

分 类 号：U211.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]