北魏前太和时代宗室婚姻与民族融合  

Clan Marriage and Ethnic Integration in the Early Northern Wei Dynasty

作　　者：刘军[1] Liu Jun

机构地区：[1]吉林大学古籍研究所,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（魏晋南北朝隋唐史）》2023年第5期10-20,共11页HISTORY BETWEEN WEI-JIN AND SUI-TANG

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中古鲜卑拓跋氏士族化进程研究”(项目编号:19BZS056)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：拓跋宗室是北魏王朝的轴心骨干,作为其巩固政权根基、整合利益关系的利器,婚姻在政治舞台上发挥着重要作用。它既是治国方略和统治集团内部结构的客观反映,也是北朝时代风貌的真实写照。过往学者偏重探讨融入薪新民族与文化要素的孝文帝汉化改革的历史成就,却忽略了对前太和时代宗室婚媽网络的揭示,给北魏早期史和拓跋成长史研究造成不小的缺憾。梳理资料发现,当时宗室择偶对社会性民族成分的重视度远逊于政治性的集团归属,姻戚族属各异,却主要源自支撑北魏政权骨架的代人集团,尤其是代人中堪为皇权附的各股“宾附”势力。另外,体制内的阀阅世资亦构成早期宗室婚嬉的主导因素,联姻资格线基本划在累世官资一至三品的所谓一流门第上,借此反衬自身天潢贵胃的身份定位。早期宗室特定的择偶标准体现了拓跋氏置身先进文明环境而对实现门阀化的迫切诉求,即仰赖政权力量,以通婚为媒介,试图突破汉人固有门第秩序和民族隔阅的轻楷,以体制要素为基准实现囊括全部胡汉官贵之阀阅体系的再编成,客观上奏响了之后民族大融合的序曲。Tuoba imperial clan was the central backbone of the Northern Wei Dynasty.Marriage played an important role politically in consolidating the foundation of the political power and integrating various interest relations,It is not only the objective reflection of the governing strategy and the internal structure of the ruling group,but also the true reflection of the features of the Northern Dynasty.Previously,scholars focused on the historical achievements of the sinicization reform of Emperor Xiaowen,which integrated the new ethnic and cultural elements,but ignored the revelation of the clan marriage network in the early Taihe period,which resulted in significant defects to the study of the early history of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the growth history of Tuoba.Through reviewing documents,we found that at that time,the royal clan's spouse selection paid far less attention to the social ethnic elements than the political group position.Despite from various ethnic origins,their in-laws were mainly chosen from the Dai ethnic people group who formed up the political backbone of the Northern Wei dynasty,especially the vassal of imperial power in them.In addition,the official career within the system also constitutes the leading cause of the imperial clan's marriage and people who get the marriage qualifications are basically the first-class to third-class noble families,so as to reflect their selfidentity as top nobles.The specific spouse selection standard reflects the appeal of Tuoba clan to be in an advanced civilized environment and urgent need to realize a family of power and influence.With marriage as the medium,they tried to break through the shackles of the inherent family hierarchy and ethnic estrangement of Han and reorganized the family structure of Hu and Han based on the political system elements.This attempts indeed objectively played the prelude to the future ethnic integration.

关 键 词：北魏前期 宗室 婚姻 阀阅流品 民族融合 

分 类 号：K239.21[历史地理—历史学]