2019—2023年急性呼吸道感染儿童肺炎支原体流行病学特征分析:一项单中心回顾性研究  

Epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with acute respiratory infections from 2019 to 2023:a single-center retrospective study

作　　者：李铭一 沈袁恒 陈峰[1] 李媛睿[1] 张敏华 王娟娟[1] 沈立松[1] 蒋黎敏[1] LI Mingyi;SHEN Yuanheng;CHEN Feng;LI Yuanrui;ZHANG Minhua;WANG Juanjuan;SHEN Lisong;JIANG Limin(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院检验科,上海200092

出　　处：《临床儿科杂志》2024年第6期485-490,共6页Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

摘　　要：目的 探讨上海单中心COVID-19大流行前、中、后期急性呼吸道感染(ARTI)患儿肺炎支原体(MP)及其他病原体阳性率的变化。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月1日至2023年12月30日在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院行呼吸道五联检和流感病毒三联检的ARTI患儿的临床资料。结果 共纳入ARTI患儿91 825例次,男48 729例次、女43 096例次,中位年龄为5.0(3.0~8.0)岁。疫情前组14 096例次,呼吸道病原体阳性5 126例次(36.4%);疫情中组13 366例次,阳性2 963例次(22.2%);疫情后组64 363例次,阳性33 510例次(52.1%)。疫情前、中、后组ARTI患儿之间男性比例、年龄分布、各病原体阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);疫情前和疫情后组>6岁患儿比例较高,而疫情中组0~3岁比例较高(P<0.014)。2019—2023年不同年份以及不同月份之间MP阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2019年1、2、12月的MP阳性率较高(20.3%~37.7%),2020年1~3月阳性率较高(21.5%~35.3%),2021年仅12月阳性率(25.8%)高于20.0%,2022年1年的阳性率均低于20.0%,2023年4~6月、8~12月的阳性率均较高(21.5%~37.2%)。MP阳性患儿23 247例次,疫情前、中、后组之间性别、年龄分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);疫情前和疫情后组MP阳性患儿中>6岁比例较高,疫情中组0~3岁比例较高(P<0.014)。结论 在2019—2023年期间,以MP为代表的各种ARTI相关病原体的流行病学特征发生了一定变化,MP的好发年龄分布和季节流行病学特征发生了显著改变。Objective To investigate the positive rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)and other pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection(ARTI)before,during and after COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai.Methods The clinical data of children with ARTI who underwent respiratory 5-plex and influenza 3 plex tests in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 1,2019 to December 30,2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 91825 ARTI cases were included,including 48729 male cases and 43096 female cases,and the median age was 5(3-8)years old.Before the epidemic,there were 14096 cases,with 5126 positive cases of respiratory pathogens(36.4%);during the epidemic,there were 13366 cases,with 2963 positive cases(22.2%);and after the epidemic,there were 64363 cases,with 33510 positive cases(52.1%).There were significant differences in male proportion,age distribution,and positive rates of various pathogens among the pre-epidemic,epidemic,and post-epidemic groups of ARTI patients(P<0.05).The proportion of children>6 years old was higher in the pre-epidemic and post-epidemic groups,while the proportion of 0-3 years old was higher in the epidemic group(P<0.014).The positive rates of MP in various years and months between 2019 and 2023 showed statistical significance(P<0.05).The positive rate of MP was higher in January,February,and December 2019(20.3%-37.7%),as well as in January to March 2020(21.5%-35.3%).In 2021,only the positive rate of MP in December(25.8%)exceeded 20.0%,while all rates in 2022 were below this threshold.From April to June and August to December 2023,the positive rate ranged from 21.5%to 37.2%.The number of MP-positive cases was 23247,and there were statistically significant differences in gender and age distribution among the groups before,during,and after the epidemic(P<0.05).The proportion of MP-positive children>6 years old was higher in the pre-and post-epidemic groups,and the proportion of 0-3 years old in the epidemic group was higher(P<0.014).Conclu

关 键 词：COVID-19 急性呼吸道感染 肺炎支原体 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]