进口竞争如何影响工会的政治参与  

How Does Import Competition Affect the Interest Groups’Political Participation

作　　者：肖蕊 车翼 张燕[3] XIAO Rui;CHE Yi;ZHANG Yan(Antai College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China;School of Business,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237 China;School of Economics,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433 China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院,上海200030 [2]华东理工大学商学院,上海200237 [3]上海财经大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《上海管理科学》2024年第3期113-124,共12页Shanghai Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073095);华东理工大学探索研究基金项目和华东理工大学研究生教育教学改革研究项目;上海市哲学社会科学规划课题(2023BJB010);中央高校基本科研业务费数字经济高质量发展的特征及驱动策略研究项目(2023110139)。

摘　　要：美国作为中国最为重要的贸易伙伴国之一,其各项政策的制定均会受到国内利益集团的影响。以工会为研究对象,基于2000—2008年美国众议院选举的政治捐献数据及同时期的中美贸易数据,探讨了进口竞争冲击对美国利益集团政治参与行为的影响,结果表明:选区面临的冲击越大,工会为民主党人提供的资金支持就越多,这种关系是由工会在选区间的资金分配行为引起的;工会拥有影响候选人贸易立场的主观动机,该时期中国对美国出口增长迅速,工会的政治捐献会提高立法者提出涉华法案的次数,进而引起美国国会对中国问题的重视;此外,进口竞争对工会政治参与的影响也存在行业差异。以上发现为从利益集团角度理解中美关系的形成和演变提供了参考。The U.S.is one of the most important trade partners of China and abundant evidence indicates that U.S.policy is profoundly affected by interest groups.In this article,we focus on the political behavior of PACs supported by labor unions,who are faithful supporters of Democrats and often take a firm stand against free trade.Based on the political contribution data from FECand international trade information from UN Comtrade Database,we explore the impact of import competition on interest groups’political participation during 2000-2008.Our empirical results show that union-related PACs make more political contributions to Democrats in districts more exposed to foreign import competition.Import competition reduces the number of union-related PACs as well as contribution that unions received from individuals,and hence weaken unions’ability in mobilizing resources.Meanwhile,foreign competition may also make unions change their resource-allocation behavior,motivate them to express demands to legislators and use more money to show their attitude towards legislators'voting behavior.These two mechanisms may counteract each other and the latter has a stronger effect,since we find a positive relationship between import competition and political contribution made by union-related PACs.We also find unions offer contributions to candidates with an influence motive,and legislators who receive more political contribution from unions will propose more bills related to China,which makes people in the U.S.pay more attention to China issue.In addition,empirical results show that the relationship between import competition shock and political contribution varies among sectors and industries.Our findings propose a new idea to understand the development of Sino-U.S.relation from the perspective of interest groups’behavior.

关 键 词：政治捐献 进口竞争 利益集团 工会 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]