西藏曲水温江多遗址琉璃砖瓦的成分与工艺研究——兼论吐蕃周邻地区的工匠来源  

Research on the Compositions and Techniques of Glazed Bricks and Tiles from the Von Cang Dor Site in Tibet

作　　者：石若瑀 席琳 张博 夏格旺堆 张建林 温睿[1] Shi Ruoyu;Xi Lin;Zhang Bo;Shargan Wangdue;Zhang Jianlin;Wen Rui

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院 [2]陕西省考古研究院 [3]西藏自治区文物保护研究所

出　　处：《考古与文物》2024年第4期111-120,共10页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“西藏象泉河流域早期金属时代珠饰生产、流通与文化互动研究”(编号:22BKG023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：西藏曲水县温江多遗址出土的琉璃砖瓦是西藏地区首次经考古发掘获得的建筑琉璃构件。为更好认识吐蕃时期建筑用陶工艺与技术来源,本研究采用成分测试、显微观察等方法分析了温江多遗址出土的10件琉璃砖瓦。结果表明,琉璃制胎原料就近选择,制胎过程中运用了中原地区的制瓦技术。配釉体系来源复杂,蓝釉绿釉属于孔雀蓝釉,源于西亚地区的伊斯兰碱釉体系;白釉属于钠铝体系,与同时期中原地区的白釉陶瓷成分差别较大。吐蕃时期发达的交通路线,使吐蕃王朝能融合周邻地区的制陶技术用于建筑营建,从而促成了建筑琉璃制作技术的迅速繁荣。The excavation of the Von Cang Dor site has yielded the first collection of glazed bricks and tiles that were archaeologically found in Tibet,providing important materials for studying their chemical compositions and technological characteristics which are still poorly understood.In order to enhance the understanding of the pottery craftsmanship and technological origins during the Tubo period,this study employed scientific methods to examine ten pieces of glazed bricks and tiles unearthed from the site.The results indicate that the raw material for making glazed tiles was procured from the sources near the site,which is high-calcium and high-iron fusible clay from the Qushui area.The tile making technology from the Central Plains was also been employed.The glaze system comes from complex sources,with blue and green glazes,also known as turquoise glazes,originated from the Islamic alkali glaze system in West Asia.White glaze belongs to the sodium-aluminum system,and has significant differences in composition compared to the white glazed ceramics from the same period in the Central Plains region.The developed transportation routes during the Tibetan Kingdom period allowed for the integration of pottery making techniques from neighboring regions,promoting the rapid prosperity of the Tubo's technology for making architectural glazed tiles and bricks.

关 键 词：西藏考古 温江多遗址 琉璃砖瓦 工艺研究 工匠来源 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]