生物炭对滨海盐土区麦田N_(2)O排放和小麦产量的影响  

Effects of Biochar on N_(2)O Emissions and Wheat Yield in Coastal Saline Wheat Field

作　　者：孙丽英 韩莹 SUN Liying;HAN Ying(College of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第6期780-786,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新项目(BE2022425);国家自然科学项目(41501245)。

摘　　要：为了解氮肥配施生物炭对滨海盐土区麦田N_(2)O排放和小麦产量的影响,设置不施氮(N0)、农民常规施氮(N1)、氮肥配施20 t·hm^(-2)生物炭(N1B1)和氮肥配施40 t·hm^(-2)生物炭(N1B2)4个处理,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对滨海盐土区麦田不同处理间N_(2)O排放通量进行观测和比较。结果表明,施用氮肥(N1)后滨海盐土区麦田N_(2)O累积排放量和小麦产量较N0处理分别增加了70.4%和50.5%(P<0.05),施氮对单位产量N_(2)O排放量以及土壤反硝化酶活性(DEA)没有显著影响(P>0.05)。与N0处理相比,N1B1、N1B2处理下土壤硝化潜势(PNR)分别降低了16.9%(P<0.05)和19.9%(P<0.05)。在所有施氮处理中,生物炭的N_(2)O减排作用较明显,但是没有显著增加小麦产量。与N1处理相比,N1B1处理下土壤N_(2)O累积排放量、PNR、DEA分别降低了17.4%、17.6%(P<0.05)和29.4%(P<0.05),N1B2处理下分别降低了28.8%(P<0.05)、20.5%(P<0.05)和3.4%。N1B1与N1B2处理间土壤N_(2)O累积排放量、PNR、DEA和小麦产量均无显著差异。因此,滨海盐土区实行氮肥配施生物炭在保证小麦稳产的同时有助于减少N_(2)O排放。A field experiment was designed to understand the combined effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on N_(2)O emissions and wheat yield in coastal saline wheat field.Four treatments were conducted:a non-nitrogen control(N0),farmers’conventional nitrogen application(N1),nitrogen fertilizer combined with 20 t·hm^(-2) biochar(N1B1),and nitrogen fertilizer combined with 40 t·hm^(-2) biochar(N1B2).The static opaque chamber and gas chromatography method was used to observe the N_(2)O emissions.The cumulative N_(2)O emissions were significantly increased by nitrogen application in coastal saline wheat field by 70.4%(P<0.05),and the wheat yield was significantly increased by nitrogen application by 50.5%(P<0.05),while,the yield-scaled N_(2)O emissions and denitrification enzyme activity were not significantly affected by nitrogen application.Compared with N0 treatment,the potential nitrification rate were decreased by 16.9%(P<0.05)and 19.9%(P<0.05),respectively in N1B1 and N1B2 treatments.The effect of biochar was obvious on the emission reduction in all the treatments with nitrogen application,but it did not significantly increase the wheat yield.Compared to N1 treatment,the cumulative N_(2)O emissions,potential nitrification rate,and denitrification enzyme activity were decreased by 17.4%,17.6%(P<0.05),and 29.4%(P<0.05),respectively in N1B1 treatment.Compared to N1 treatment,the cumulative N_(2)O emissions,potential nitrification rate,and denitrification enzyme activity were decreased by 28.8%(P<0.05),20.5%(P<0.05),and 3.4%,respectively in N1B2 treatment.There were no significant differences in cumulative N_(2)O emissions,potential nitrification rate,denitrification enzyme activity,and wheat yield between N1B1 and N1B2 treatments.Comprehensively considering wheat yield and N_(2)O emission effects,the fertilization scheme of nitrogen fertilizer combined with biochar was recommended to use in coastal saline wheat field.

关 键 词：小麦 生物炭 氮肥 N_(2)O排放 产量 滨海盐土 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311