迈向“最佳解释确信”的司法证明  

Judicial Proof towards Conviction to the Best Explanation

作　　者：熊晓彪 Xiong Xiaobiao

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（诉讼法学、司法制度）》2023年第12期133-153,共21页Procedural Law And Judicial Systems

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色刑事证据理论体系研究”(18ZDA139)的阶成果。

摘　　要：面对日益复杂且趋于技术性的案件事实与证据,传统司法证明方式在探求真相与实现裁决公正的目标上力有未逮。国内学者开始转向哲学领域的解释性理论,以期获得证明方法上的启示。作为解释性理论应用于司法证明领域的标志性成果,相对似真性理论基于自然认知理性,通过赋权诉讼当事人与比对和判断的方式,可以对事实争议予以有效解决。然而,其仅从外部层面解释证明标准,未进一步区分辩方的具体抗辩类型,忽视了事实的“未知空间”,并面临科学化调查方法的挑战。结合信念解释理论和技术性证据的标准化解释流程,对相对似真性理论进行改良,在此基础上,可提出司法证明的最佳解释确信理论。该理论既观照了中国具体司法语境,又弥合了自然理性与技术发展之间的鸿沟,深入反映了司法证明对信念程度的要求,更加符合诉讼认识规律与庭审运行特征,能够有效实现科学、准确以及经得起检验的司法证明。In the face of increasingly complicated and technical case facts and evidence,the traditional models of judicial proof fall into a dilemma in the pursuit of truth and the goal of justice.Recently,domestic scholars gradually pay attention to the explanatory theory in philosophy to gain insights into the methods of proof.As the latest achievement of the explanatory theory applied to the field of judicial proof,relative plausibility theory is based on the natural cognitive rationality and can effectively solve the factual disputes by the methods of empowering the both litigants and contrasting judgment.However,this approach only explains the standard of proof from the outside perspective,doesn't further distinguish the specific types of defense,ignores the unknown space of facts,and faces the challenges of scientific investigation methods.Aiming at the potential defects of the relative plausibility theory,we can put forward an improved theory of conviction to the best explanation based on the theory of the belief account and the standardized interpretation process of technology-based evidence.This model not only reflects the specific judicial context in China and bridges the gap between natural rationality and technological development,but also reflects the requirement of judicial proof for the belief degree.It is more consistent with the law and operating characteristics of litigation cognition,and can effectively achieve scientific,accurate and testable judicial proof.

关 键 词：司法证明 相对似真性理论 信念解释 标准化解释流程 最佳解释确信理论 

分 类 号：D916[政治法律—法学]