陕北安塞山地苹果树干液流变化特征及其对环境因子的响应  

Characteristics of apple SAP flow and its response to environmental factors in Ansai mountain area of northern Shaanxi Province

作　　者：高铭雨 刘敏 王俊 郑恩 陈暮浩 冯淑 张永旺 GAO Mingyu;LIU Min;WANG Jun;ZHENG En;CHEN Muhao;FENG Shu;ZHANG Yongwang(School of Life Sciences,Yan’an University;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube,Yan’an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学生命科学学院 [2]陕西省红枣重点实验室,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《延安大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期49-55,共7页Journal of Yan'an University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807520);延安大学科研项目(YDQ2018-21);延安大学博士科研启动项目(YDBK2017-25);陕西省科技厅创新能力支撑计划项目(2020KJXX-009)。

摘　　要：为揭示陕北黄土区不同生育期山地苹果树蒸腾耗水规律及其对环境因子的响应,为陕北黄土区农业水资源的高效利用及山地苹果产业的可持续发展提供科学依据。采用热扩散式探针法(TDP)和自动气象站对陕北黄土区山地苹果树干液流速率和环境因子进行连续动态监测,分析山地苹果液流速率的变化规律及其与太阳辐射、气温和大气相对湿度等环境因子的关系。结果表明:不同生育期山地苹果树干液流速率日变化总体上呈“几”字型曲线,具有明显的昼夜变化规律,有微弱的夜间液流产生;不同生育期山地苹果树干液流日累积量表现为果实膨大期(14.396 kg·d^(-1))>幼果期(14.10 kg·d^(-1))>果实成熟期(9.682 kg·d^(-1))>开花期(6.49 kg·d^(-1))>着色期(4.104 kg·d^(-1));晴天山地苹果树干液流速率高于多云和阴雨天气;构建了山地苹果树干液流速率与环境因子的多元回归模型,各方程均达到了极显著水平,各生育期方程决定系数R2均大于0.81,拟合良好。陕北黄土区夏季果实膨大期蒸腾耗水量最大,应及时于日落前或日出后进行补水灌溉。In order to reveal the transpiration and water consumption of mountain apple trees in different growth stages and their response to environmental factors,and provide scientific basis for the efficient use of agricultural water resources and the sustainable development of mountain apple industry in the loess region of northern Shaanxi.The thermal diffusion probe method(TDP)and automatic weather station were used to moni⁃tor the flow rate and environmental factors of mountain apple in the loess region of northern Shaanxi Province,and to analyze the change of mountain apple flow rate and its relationship with environmental factors such as solar radiation,temperature and atmospheric relative humidity.The results showed that the diurnal variation of SAP flow rate of mountain apple at different growth stages showed an Omega-shaped curve,with obvious diurnal variation and weak flow at night.The daily SAP accumulation of mountain apple at different growth stages demonstrated as fruit expansion stage(14.396 kg·d^(-1))>young fruit stage(14.10 kg·d^(-1))>fruit maturity stage(9.682 kg·d^(-1))>flowering stage(6.49 kg·d^(-1))>coloring stage(4.104 kg·d^(-1)).The SAP flow rate of mountain apple in sunny days was higher than that in cloudy and rainy days.The multiple regression model of SAP flow rate and environmental factors of mountain apple was constructed,and all equations reached a significant level.The determination coefficient R2 of each growth period equation was higher than 0.81,which was well fitted.The transpiration water consumption in summer fruit expansion period is the largest in the loess region of northern Shaanxi,so water replenishment irrigation should be carried out before sunset or after sunrise.

关 键 词：山地苹果 树干液流速率 环境因子 陕北安塞 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]