乌兰布和沙漠典型沿黄段格状沙障防风固沙效应  

Wind-prevention and Sand Fixation Effects of Checkerboard Sand Barrier Along Typical Yellow River Bank in Ulan Buh Desert

作　　者：马泽 蒙仲举 罗建国 阿拉腾陶格苏 赵东颖 Ma Ze;Meng Zhongju;Luo Jianguo;Alatengtaogesu;Zhao Dongying(College of Desert Control,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;Forestry Ecological Protection Center of Otog Front Banner,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 016200,China;Ordos Geological Survey and Monitoring Institute,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]鄂托克前旗林业生态保护中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯016200 [3]鄂尔多斯市地质调查监测院,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第2期1-10,21,共11页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“黄河沿岸流动沙丘固定及风沙阻断技术研究与示范”(2022YFHH0076)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究乌兰布和沙漠典型沿黄段机械沙障的固沙效果,为沙区沿黄段的沙障合理配置及应用提供理论支撑和科学参考。[方法]以2 m×2 m规格的纱网沙障、聚乳酸(PLA)沙障、麦草沙障为研究对象,通过测定格状沙障近地表10,20,50,100和200 cm处的风速,同步收集近地表0—50 cm处的风蚀物颗粒,对3种格状沙障在形成稳定障面后的防风固沙效应进行研究。[结果]①纱网沙障、PLA沙障和麦草沙障均有效降低了近地表风速,尤以距地表10 cm高度处最为明显。在10.32 m/s风速下,其防风效能分别达到了49.73%,39.92%和38.33%。②PLA沙障的风速廓线呈现S形曲线特征,3种沙障的粗糙度均较裸沙丘有较大提升。③与裸沙丘相比,3种沙障降低了近地表10 cm处风的扰动度。④纱网沙障、PLA沙障和麦草沙障的输沙率随高度均呈指数关系,固沙效应分别为94.37%,44.80%和53.16%。3种沙障相较于裸沙丘有效抬升了沙粒的平均跃移高度,纱网沙障提升为对照的5.35倍。[结论]结合乌兰布和沙漠沿黄段风沙活动程度及材料获取度,沿岸向流动沙丘垂向上依次为麦草沙障固沙、PLA沙障固沙促生、纱网沙障防风固沙优化配置,可以实现3种格状沙障防风固沙效益的最大发挥。[Objective]The sand fixation effects of mechanical sand barrier along typical Yellow River bank in Ulan Buh Desert were studied in order to provide theoretical supports and scientific references for the rational configuration and application of sand barriers in the desert areas along the Yellow River.[Methods]Checkerboard sand barriers comprised of 2 m×2 m gauze,polylactic acid(PLA),and straw were evaluated.Measurements of wind speed at heights of 10,20,50,100,and 200 cm above the three checkerboard sand barrier treatments and the simultaneous collection of aeolian dust from 0 to 50 cm near the surfaces were used to determine the effects of three types of sand barrier on wind prevention and sand fixation after forming a stable barrier surface.[Results]①The sand barriers of gauze,PLA,and straw all effectively reduced the near-surface wind speed,especially at the height of 10 cm.When the wind speed was 10.32 m/s,the wind protection efficiency of the three sand barriers reached 49.73%,39.92%,and 38.33%,respectively.②The wind speed profile of the PLA sand barrier had an S-shaped curve,and the roughness of the three types of sand barriers was greater than observed for the bare dune.③Compared with the bare dune,the three types of sand barriers reduced the degree of wind disturbance at the height of 10 cm above the surface.④The sediment transport rate of the gauze,PLA,and straw sand barriers showed an exponential relationship with height,and the sand fixation effect was 94.37%,44.80%,and 53.16%,respectively.Compared with the bare dune,these three types of sand barriers effectively elevated the average saltation height of sand grains,and the gauze sand barrier elevated to 5.35 times that of the control.[Conclusion]According to the aeolian sand activity degree and material acquisition degree along the bank of the Yellow River in the Ulan Buh Desert,the straw sand barrier was useful for sand fixation,the PLA sand barrier was useful for sand fixation and for promoting the growth of vegetation,and the gauze sand bar

关 键 词：格状沙障 稳定障面 防风固沙 风的扰动度 乌兰布和沙漠 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]