喀斯特森林表层土壤持水能力空间分布特征及其影响因素  

Spatial Distribution of Surface Soil Water-Holding Capacity in Karst Forests and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：袁冬梅 杨熳 严令斌 刘锋 张慧敏 曹秀刚 喻理飞 Yuan Dongmei;Yang Man;Yan Lingbin;Liu Feng;Zhang Huimin;Cao Xiugang;Yu Lifei(〔Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education),College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院/农业生物工程研究院山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第2期57-69,共13页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目“喀斯特高原石漠化综合治理与生物医药产业技术与示范”(2016YFC0502604);贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]009);贵州省高等学校创新能力提升计划项目(黔教合协同创新字[2014]01);贵州大学人才引进科研项目(Guigengji[2020]27)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究喀斯特森林表层土壤持水能力空间分布特征及其影响因素,为提升该地区森林土壤水源涵养能力提供科学参考。[方法]以贵州省茂兰喀斯特原始森林表层土壤(0—10 cm)为研究对象,采用环刀法与室内浸泡法对土壤物理结构和持水特性进行测定,并利用方差分析、RDA分析等方法探究不同地形部位土壤持水能力空间分布差异及其影响因素。[结果]①土壤物理特征呈高异质性,土壤容重、土壤含水量、孔隙度、机械组成等在不同坡向、坡位和海拔间均具有显著性差异。②土壤持水率在不同坡向间差异最显著,土壤持水量在不同岩石裸露等级间差异最显著。土壤最大持水率、毛管持水率、饱和持水量与毛管持水量均随着坡位和海拔的增加而增加,且随着岩石裸露等级的下降而增加。土壤综合持水能力在低裸露、低海拔地区较好。③相关分析表明,地形特征、土壤物理特性与土壤持水率的相关性更强,林分特征与持水量的相关性更强,林分密度与持水量显著负相关,平均胸径、平均树高与持水量显著正相关。④PCA分析结果表明,土壤持水量是表征茂兰喀斯特森林表层土壤持水性能的第一主要因子,土壤持水率为第二主要因子,主成分一、二累计贡献率为77.5%。RDA分析结果表明,土壤孔隙度、岩石裸露等级是茂兰喀斯特森林表层土壤持水能力的主要影响因素。[结论]茂兰喀斯特森林土壤持水能力具有高异质性,在不同地形部位间差异显著,非毛细孔隙度(P nc)是影响土壤持水能力的主要因子。[Objective]The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of surface soil water-holding capacity were explored in a karst forest in order to provide scientific references for improving the water conservation capacity of forest soil in the region.[Methods]The surface soil(0—10 cm)of a primary Maolan karst forest in Guizhou Province was taken as the research object,and the physical structure and water-holding characteristics of soil were measured by the ring knife method and the indoor soaking method.The spatial distribution differences and influencing factors of soil water-holding capacity in different terrain locations were investigated by using variance analysis and RDA analysis.[Results]①Soil physical characteristics showed high heterogeneity,and soil bulk density,soil water content,porosity,and mechanical composition had significant differences in different slope directions,slope positions and altitudes.②Soil water retention had the most significant difference in different slope direction,and soil water retention had the most significant difference in different rock exposed grades.The maximum soil water-holding capacity,capillary water-holding capacity,saturated water-holding capacity,and capillary water-holding capacity increased with increasing slope position and elevation,and with decreasing rock exposure grade.The comprehensive water-holding capacity of soil was greater in the area of low exposure and low elevation.③Correlation analysis showed that topographic characteristics and soil physical characteristics were more strongly correlated with soil water-holding capacity;stand characteristics were more strongly correlated with water-holding capacity;stand density was significantly negatively correlated with water-holding capacity;and average DBH(diameter at breast height)and average tree height were significantly positively correlated with water-holding capacity.④The results of PCA analysis showed that soil water retention was the first main factor to represent the surface soil

关 键 词：土壤物理性质 土壤持水能力 影响因素 喀斯特 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]