PLA/天然废弃植物源提取物复合材料的制备与性能  

Preparation and properties of PLA/natural waste plant extract composites

作　　者：宋洁[1] 张蓉 韩家旋 李胜港 余双 Song Jie;Zhang Rong;Han Jiaxuan;Li Shenggang;Yu Shuang(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学化学与化工学院,西安710021

出　　处：《化工新型材料》2024年第6期247-252,258,共7页New Chemical Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51803114);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022NY-195);西安市科技计划项目(21NYYF0025);陕西省教育厅地方专项计划项目(22JC015)。

摘　　要：针对废弃资源综合利用和通用塑料污染问题,采用超声波辅助提取法提取天然废弃植物源有效成分,并与聚乳酸(PLA)复合,探究石榴皮提取物(PGE)和洋葱皮提取物(OPE)对PLA性能的影响。结果表明:两种提取物的加入并没有改变PLA的晶型,但提高了成核密度,减小了球晶尺寸。复合材料的热稳定性有一定的下降,但由于提取物中羟基与PLA发生了氢键作用使其下降幅度不大,同时弥补了复合材料力学性能减小的趋势。植物源提取物的添加使复合材料中的—OH基团数量增多,水蒸汽透过率也随之增大,适用于地膜及食品果蔬保鲜材料中。两种提取物赋予了复合材料不同色泽,染色成分与PLA间的界面作用使复合材料耐摩擦色牢度得以保持,扩大了其应用范围。两种复合材料具有显著的抑菌作用,其中,PGE含量为9%时,其复合材料的抗菌率可达95%以上,可以作为抗菌材料应用。In order to solve the problems of comprehensive utilization of waste resources and general plastic pollution,the ultrasonic assisted extraction method was used to extract the effective components from natural waste plants,and then these extracts were compounded with polylactic acid(PLA).The effects of pomegranate peel extract(PGE)and onion peel extract(OPE)on the performance of the PLA were explored.The results showed that the addition of the two extracts did not change the crystalline structure of PLA,but increased the nucleation density and decreased the spherulite size.The thermal stability of the composite decreased to a certain extent,but due to the hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group in the extract and PLA,the decrease was not significant,which made up for the decrease in the mechanical properties of the composite.With the addition of plant extracts,the number of—OH groups in the composite materials increased,and the water vapor permeability also increased,which was suitable for plastic mulching and food,fruit and vegetable preservation materials.The two extracts endowed the composites with different colors,and the interface effect between dye components and PLA kept the color fastness of the composite to friction,expanding its application scope.The two composites had significant antibacterial effect.When the content of PGE was 9%,the antibacterial rate of the composite could reach more than 95%,which could be used as antibacterial materials.

关 键 词：聚乳酸 天然废弃植物源提取物 结晶性能 热稳定性 力学性能 抗菌性 耐摩擦色牢度 

分 类 号：TQ323.4[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]