基于Sobol'法的动车组车体弹性异常振动全局灵敏度分析与优化  

Global sensitivity analysis and optimization of abnormal elastic vibration of EMU car body based on Sobol'method

作　　者：刘广宇 宫岛 周劲松 任利惠 王泽根 邓新 周凯 尤泰文 LIU Guangyu;GONG Dao;ZHOU Jinsong;REN Lihui;WANG Zegen;DENG Xin;ZHOU Kai;YOU Taiwen(Institute of Rail Transit,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海201804 [2]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期1940-1952,共13页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52375115);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51805373);上海市自然科学基金资助项目(23ZR1468900);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(22120240338,22120220558);甘肃省科技计划项目(23JRRA911)。

摘　　要：为治理动车组车体弹性异常振动问题,首先,结合车辆系统工作变形测试分析、车体模态测试分析和车辆刚柔耦合动力学模型仿真分析探究车体异常振动成因;随后,以转向架蛇行最小阻尼比为目标函数,基于Sobol'全局灵敏度分析方法分析关键参数全局灵敏度,依据各参数总灵敏和一阶主灵敏度筛选影响转向架蛇行稳定性的重要参数,并基于车辆系统刚柔耦合动力学模型对筛选出的参数进行优化;最后,对优化前后车体的弹性振动进行对比验证。研究结果表明:转向架的蛇行频率接近车体菱形模态频率的同时,转向架的蛇行模态阻尼比也减小到接近于零,蛇行稳定性裕量明显不足,从而引起转向架的蛇行与车体菱形同步运动,导致车体菱形模态振动放大,发生车体的弹性异常振动现象;参数优化后,车体的菱形模态振动能量明显降低,有效抑制了车体弹性异常振动;Sobol'法可有效评估参数灵敏度,提高优化效率,可为车辆设计和参数优化等问题提供参考。In order to deal with the problem of abnormal elastic vibration of the EMU car body,firstly,the causes of abnormal vibration of the car body were explored by combining the operational deflection shape test analysis of the vehicle system,the modal test analysis of the car body and the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model simulation analysis.Then,taking the minimum damping ratio of the bogie's hunting mode as the objective function,the global sensitivity of key parameters was analyzed based on the Sobol'global sensitivity analysis method.The important parameters that affect the hunting stability of the bogie were selected based on the total sensitivity and first-order principal sensitivity of each parameter.Furthermore,the selected parameters were optimized based on the vehicle system's rigid flexible coupling dynamics model.Finally,the elastic vibration of the car body before and after optimization was compared and verified.The results show that while the hunting frequency of the bogie is close to the diamond modal frequency of the car body,the damping ratio of the bogie hunting mode is also reduced to close to zero,and the hunting stability margin is significantly insufficient.This causes the hunting of the bogie to move synchronously with the diamond deformation of the car body,leading to the amplification of the diamond modal vibration of the car body and the occurrence of abnormal elastic vibration of the car body.After parameter optimization,the diamond modal vibration energy is significantly reduced,effectively reducing the abnormal elastic vibration of the car body.The Sobol'method can effectively evaluate parameter sensitivity,improve optimization efficiency,and it can provide reference for vehicle design and parameter optimization issues.

关 键 词：动车组 车体异常振动 Sobol'法 全局灵敏度分析 参数优化 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]