一种基于投票机制的黑名单公有链解决方案  

A Public Chain Solution for Blacklist Based on Voting Mechanism

作　　者：李虎 陈云芳 张伟 LI Hu;CHEN Yunfang;ZHANG Wei(School of Computer Science,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学计算机学院、软件学院、网络空间安全学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《软件导刊》2024年第5期114-122,共9页Software Guide

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFB2101701)。

摘　　要：加密货币已成为许多犯罪分子犯案的金融工具,而目前对阻止异常资金在加密货币体系中流通的研究尚不足。结合智能合约与可编辑区块链技术,提出一种基于投票机制的黑名单公有链解决方案。该方案首先利用智能合约技术从博弈论视角对是否将一笔资金加入黑名单的投票过程进行设计,通过设置奖励和惩罚的措施以促使局中人选择诚实的策略;然后对于已确认的异常资金,设计UTXO异常度这一字段,对处于不同阶段的异常资金,利用可编辑区块链的特性选择回溯或赋予异常度的处理措施。实验结果表明,在区块整体打包过程中,被赋予最高异常度的交易被选中的平均概率仅为19.5%;原本被选中的交易被赋予最高异常度后,被选中的平均概率降低到68.4%;同时,被赋予不同等级异常度的交易被选中的概率呈阶梯式递减。基于投票机制的黑名单公有链方案解决了以往黑名单方案中记录添加依据不合理、执行力度不强的问题,能够有效阻止异常资金流通。Cryptocurrencies have become a financial tool used by many criminals in committing crimes.Currently,the research on preventing abnormal funds from circulating within the cryptocurrency system is not effective.Combining smart contract and editable blockchain technology,a blacklist public chain solution based on a voting mechanism is proposed.The solution first uses smart contract technology to design the voting process of whether to add a fund to the blacklist from a game theory perspective,setting measures of reward and punishment to encourage participants to choose an honest strategy.Then,for confirmed abnormal funds,the UTXO anomaly degree field is designed,and different processing measures of backtracking or assigning anomaly degrees are used according to the stages of the abnormal funds,utilizing the features of editable blockchain.Experimental results show that the average probability of transactions with the highest anomaly degree being selected in the block packaging process is only 19.5%,and the average probability of transactions originally selected being selected after being assigned the highest anomaly degree decreases to 68.4%.Meanwhile,the probability of transactions with different levels of anomaly degrees being selected shows a stepwise decreasing trend.The blacklist public chain solution based on a voting mechanism solves the problem of unreasonable basis for adding records and weak execution in the previous blacklist solutions,effectively preventing the circulation of abnormal funds.

关 键 词：黑名单 智能合约 博弈论 可编辑区块链 投票机制 

分 类 号：TP311.13[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]