基于水足迹的鸡蛋生产耗水核算与评价  

Accounting and Evaluation of Water Consumption in Egg Production Based on Water Footprint

作　　者：邢浩翰 谢昀 郑炜超[5,6] 邵思 丛宏斌 李保明 XING Haohan;XIE Yun;ZHENG Weichao;SHAO Si;CONG Hongbin;LI Baoming(Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection,Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100024;Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125;Institute of Food Safety,Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,Beijing 100176;Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation,Beijing 100176;Key Lab of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Water Resources&Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;Beijing Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Healthy Environment,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所,北京100024 [2]农业农村部农业废弃物能源化利用重点实验室,北京100125 [3]中国检验检疫科学研究院食品安全研究所,北京100176 [4]国家市场监管重点实验室(食品质量与安全),北京100176 [5]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院农业农村部设施农业工程重点实验室,北京100083 [6]北京市畜禽健康养殖环境工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《中国家禽》2024年第6期72-78,共7页China Poultry

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-40);农业农村部规划设计研究院自主研发项目(QX2021009)。

摘　　要：为了解国内鸡蛋生产的耗水情况,探究不同蛋鸡养殖模式和蛋鸡品种对耗水情况的影响,研究利用水足迹核算方法分析评价中国5家蛋鸡养殖场的鸡蛋生产耗水情况。结果显示:5家蛋鸡养殖场的鸡蛋水足迹为2537.69~3446.85 m^(3)/t,其中,绿水足迹为1653.02~2314.94 m^(3)/t,蓝水足迹为484.07~616.65 m^(3)/t,灰水足迹为400.60~515.26 m^(3)/t,养殖场A中海兰褐和海兰灰品种的鸡蛋平均总水足迹分别为3042 m^(3)/t和3224 m^(3)/t;5家养殖场的鸡蛋水足迹中绿水足迹占比最高,达到66.75%,饲料消耗是影响鸡蛋水足迹的主要因素;养殖场A的鸡蛋水足迹最高,养殖场E最低;相比于海兰褐品种,海兰灰品种产蛋所消耗的饲料量、直接和间接用水更多。建议通过优化饲料配比、提高农业用水效率、增设养殖场的节水设施设备并选择适宜的蛋鸡品种能够有效降低鸡蛋水足迹。To understand the water consumption in domestic egg production and investigate the influence of different layer farming models and layer breeds on water consumption,this study employed the water footprint(WF)accounting method to ana⁃lyze and evaluate the water consumption in egg production of five layer farms in China.The results showed that the WFs of the five layer farms ranged from 2537.69 to 3446.85 m^(3)/t.Among them,the green WF was between 1653.02 and 2314.94 m^(3)/t,the blue WF ranged from 484.07 to 616.65 m^(3)/t,and the grey WF ranged from 400.60 to 515.26 m^(3)/t.The average total WFs of the Hy-Line Brown and Hy-Line Sonia breeds in Facility A were 3042 m^(3)/t and 3224 m3/t,respectively.The results demonstrated that the green WF accounted for the highest proportion of the egg WF among the five facilities,reaching 66.75%.Feed consump⁃tion was identified as the primary factor affecting the egg WF.Facility A had the highest egg WF,while Facility E was the lowest.In comparison to the Hy-Line Brown breed,the Hy-Line Sonia breed consumed more feed,both directly and indirectly,during egg production.The results indicated that optimizing feed composition,improving agricultural water use efficiency,implementing water-saving facilities in farming facilities,and selecting suitable chicken breeds could effectively reduce the egg WF.

关 键 词：水足迹 耗水 鸡蛋 蛋鸡 养殖用水 

分 类 号：S831.4[农业科学—畜牧学] TV213.9[农业科学—畜牧兽医]