从部首字形误释论《说文解字》析形释义  

On the Analysis of Form and Meaning from the Misinterpretation of Radical Glyph in Shuowen Jiezi(《说文解字》)

作　　者：张晓明 ZHANG Xiaoming

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学齐文化研究院

出　　处：《汉字汉语研究》2024年第1期48-58,125,126,共13页The Study Of Chinese Characters And Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“清代《说文》学新材料普查、整理与研究”(21&ZD299)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以甲金简字形为参照,《说文》540个部首字形误释173个,约占1/3,其中比较典型的误认有99个之多。字形误释部首义类多样,分布比较自然,提示字形误释应属于自源性错误。字形误释部首约90%为低频部首,部内属字少,提示需要重新考量部首字形误释涉及范围与影响程度。即使是采用严判标准,60%字形误释部首的释义也是正确的。从构字频率与释义角度来看,部首字形误释程度与影响并不严重。这种情况,引发对于《说文》形义孰为中心、《说文》“形书”性质的讨论,亦引发汉字部件化进程与“六书”尤其是“形声”确指的思考。Taking the oracle bone script forms as reference,there are 173 misinterpretations of the radical glyph in Shuowen(《说文》),accounting for about 1/3 of the 540 units.There are 99 typical misinterpretations.There are vari ous types of misinterpreted radical meanings,and the proportion distribution is relatively natural.It indicates that glyph misinterpretation should be autogenous error.About 90%of the misinterpreted radicals are low-frequency radicals,and there are few characters in these units.It indicates that the scope and degree of influence of misinterpreted radicals need to be reconsidered.Even with strict standards,60%of the misinterpretation of the radicals is correctly interpreted.From the perspective of character construction frequency and interpretation,the degree and impact of misinterpretation are not serious.This situation raises discussions on whether form or meaning should be prioritized in the Shuowen Jiezi and the nature of the Shuowen Jiezi as a“book of forms”.It also prompts considerations on the process of character componentization and the“six categories”classifi cation system,particular on the relevance to the study of“pictophonetic”system.

关 键 词：说文解字 部首 误释 部件化 

分 类 号：H123[语言文字—汉语] H131