杜诗“执热”典源意义的实现及对后世“执热”使用的影响  

The Realization of the Allusion’s Original Meaning of Zhire in Du Fu’s Poems and Its Infl uence on the Subsequent Usage of Zhire(执热)

作　　者：邹梦然 ZOU Mengran

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学民俗典籍文字研究中心

出　　处：《汉字汉语研究》2024年第1期106-118,127,共14页The Study Of Chinese Characters And Language

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“训诂学视域下的唐诗名词语义研究”(22JJD740006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“执热”出自《大雅·桑柔》,用作语典时其典源意义分为“手持热物”的字面义和典源语境注入的“遭遇某种亟待解决的负面情况”的语义内涵两个层次。“执热”在杜诗中被多次使用,带入的皆是语义内涵而非字面义。为实现“执热”语义内涵,杜甫从使用语境和诗歌结构两方面充分构建了直接与典源照应的具体语境。而对用典语境的着意安排在其他运用《诗经》语典的杜诗中也有所体现。由于杜甫多将“执热”用于表示天气炎热的诗句,后世诗文也倾向以“执热”表示“炎热”,“执热”的语义内涵则逐渐失落,部分用例中还出现了脱落“执”字的情况。“执热”在使用中经历了“字面义改变——语义内涵失落——组构语素脱落”的变化过程。The term Zhire(执热)originated from the poem“Da Ya·Sang Rou”of The Book of Songs.When used as an allusion,its original meaning can be divided into two parts:the literal meaning of“holding something hot”and the semantic connotation injected by the original context,which refers to“encountering a pressing negative situation that needs to be dealt with”.In Du Fu’s poems,ZhiRe is used multiple times,conveying the semantic connotation rather than the literal meaning.To achieve the semantic connotation of ZhiRe,Du Fu constructed specifi c contexts that directly corresponded to the original context through the contexts in which ZhiRe is used and poetic structures.This deliberate arrangement of contexts can also be observed in other poems by Du Fu that employ allusions from the Book of Songs.As Du Fu often used ZhiRe in the sentences that describe extremely hot weather in his poems,subsequent literary works tended to use ZhiRe to represent“heat”,gradually losing the semantic connotation of the term.In some cases,the character Zhi(执)was even omitted.The usage of ZhiRe underwent a process of“literal meaning change-loss of semantic connotation-grammatical morpheme omission”.

关 键 词：“执热” 典源意义 语义内涵 实现机制 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]