铝土矿高水材料逐巷充填矿柱回收技术及应用  

Technology and application of roadway-by-roadway backfilling mining to recover pillar for bauxite utilizing high water material

作　　者：姚达 吴占伟 张清秋 卢广源 韩晓克 Yao Da;Wu Zhanwei;Zhang Qingqiu;Lu Guangyuan;Han Xiaoke(Shanxi Huaxing Aluminum Co.,Ltd.,Lvliang 033000,China;State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]山西华兴铝业有限公司,山西吕梁033000 [2]中国矿业大学煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《轻金属》2024年第6期4-11,共8页Light Metals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目资助(2021YFC2902105);吕梁市校地合作重点研发专项资助(2022XDHZ16)。

摘　　要：奥家湾铝土矿采用房柱式采矿法,留设大量矿柱支撑顶板,采出率低,矿石损失量大。为安全回收铝土矿柱,理论分析了充填前后矿柱及充填体的应力分布状态,根据铝土矿体赋存特征及开采条件,提出了高水材料逐巷充填矿柱回收技术并开展了现场试验:将铝土矿柱划分多条采巷,开采完毕后采用水灰比为4∶1的高水充填材料与矸石胶结充实接顶,逐巷有序充填回收矿柱。为评估充填体力学性能,进行现场取样并开展实验测试。结果表明:充填体单轴抗压强度为2.84MPa,可有效支撑顶板,弱化矿柱应力集中程度,提高采场稳定性。本技术可安全回收矿柱,将矿石采出率提高至81%,同时能有效控制采后覆岩活动,且充填成本低,技术经济效益显著。The room-pillar mining method is currently used in Aojiawan bauxite mine,with a large number of pillars supporting the roof,low recovery rate and large ore loss.In order to recover bauxite pillar safely,the stress distribution of pillar and backfill before and after filling was analyzed theoretically.A technology of roadway-by-roadway backfilling mining to recover pillar for bauxite utilizing high water material was proposed and field tests were carried out,according to the occurrence characteristics and mining conditions of the bauxite body.Each bauxite pillar was divided into several mining roadways.The high water filling material with the water-cement ratio of 4∶1 was used to cement the gangue,and the pillar was recovered by orderly filling roadway-by-roadway.In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of the backfill,field sampling and laboratory test were carried out.The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of the backfill is 2.84 MPa,the backfill can effectively support the roof.At the same time,the backfill can weaken the stress concentration of pillar and improve the overall stability of stope.The technology can recover the pillar safely,increase the ore recovery rate to 81%.Meanwhile,it can effectively control the overlying strata movement after bauxite mining,and the filling cost is low with remarkable technical and economic benefits.

关 键 词：铝土矿 高水充填材料 逐巷充填开采 矿柱回收 采出率 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采] TD862[矿业工程—矿山开采]