中国部分地区粮食中高氯酸盐的污染水平与暴露评估  

Occurrence of perchlorate in grain from different parts of China and exposure risk assessment

作　　者：董淼鑫 于泓[1] 钱承敬 史亚利[2] 蔡亚岐[2] DONG Miaoxin;YU Hong;QIAN Chengjing;SHI Yali;CAI Yaqi(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Normal University,Harbin,150025,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100085,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition&Health and Food Safety,Nutrition&Health Research Institute,COFCO Corporation,Beijing,102209,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学化学化工学院,哈尔滨150025 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境化学与生态毒理学重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中粮营养健康研究院营养健康与食品安全北京市重点实验室,北京102209

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第5期1455-1464,共10页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22176198)资助.

摘　　要：高氯酸盐作为一种持久性新污染物,在环境和食品中存在,可能会对人体健康造成威胁.但目前中国粮食样品中高氯酸盐污染的研究有限,本研究从我国粮食主产区13个省份采集了271份粮食样品,包括稻谷样品88份,小麦样品83份,玉米样品100份,分析了这些样本中的高氯酸盐污染水平.结果表明稻谷中高氯酸盐浓度范围从未检出到66.41 ng·^g(−1),小麦中浓度范围为1.90—108.71 ng·^g(−1),玉米中浓度范围为0.31—45.52 ng·^g(−1).根据测得的高氯酸盐浓度,计算估计每日摄入量(EDI)和危害商(HQ),以评估人体通过食用大米、小麦和玉米接触高氯酸盐的潜在健康风险.大米、小麦和玉米的HQ值均小于1,说明食用这3种主食不会造成潜在的健康风险.然而,考虑到高氯酸盐的多种暴露途径,外加粮食的加工过程也可能会增加高氯酸盐污染,因此通过粮食摄入高氯酸盐对人体造成的暴露风险仍应当引起关注.As a new persistent pollutant,perchlorate in the environment and food may pose a threat to human health.However,up to now,there were limited available data on the occurrence of perchlorate in grain samples in China.In this study,we aim to investigate the occurrence of perchlorate in grain and assess the risk of perchlorate exposure through grain consumption via collecting a total of 271 grain samples from various regions of China,including rice(n=88),wheat(n=83)and corn(n=100).The result showed that concentrations of perchlorate in rice ranged from non-detection to 66.41 ng·^g(−1),those in wheat were from 1.90 ng·^g(−1) to 108.71 ng∙^(−1),and those in corn were from 0.31 ng·^g(−1) to 45.52 ng·^g(−1).The estimated daily intake(EDI)of perchlorate via the consumption of rice,wheat,and corn was calculated for local residents based on the measured concentrations of perchlorate.After that,the potential health risk of human exposure to perchlorate was evaluated via calculating the hazard quotient(HQ).The result showed that all HQ values were lower than 1,indicating that perchlorate in these three staple foods may not pose potential risks for human.However,considering the multiple pathways of human exposure to perchlorate and the possible increase of perchlorate concentrations in grain during their processing process,the risk of human exposure to perchlorate through grain consumption should be concerned.

关 键 词：稻谷 小麦 玉米 高氯酸盐 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]