吐鲁番市高昌区不同固沙植物的防风固沙效益  

Wind Prevention and Sand-Fixation Benefits of Different Sand-Fixing Plants in Gaochang District,Turpan City

作　　者：郑旭 张倪斌 孙桂丽[1] 闫鑫苒 王璞 各文婷 Zheng Xu;Zhang Nibin;Sun Guili;Yan Xinrun;Wang Pu;Ge Wenting(Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第7期44-50,共7页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：中央财政林草示范推广项目(新[2022]TG09);国家自然科学基金项目(41861046)。

摘　　要：为了解不同防风固沙林对风速、输沙通量和土壤蚀积程度的影响,以期为荒漠化地区植物选择和配置提供技术支持,以吐鲁番市高昌区恰特喀勒乡公相村为实验地,利用气象站、风速仪、集沙仪等监测不同高度下梭梭林、柽柳林以及梭梭-柽柳混交林的风速、地表粗糙度、输沙通量等指标,分析比较不同固沙林的风速廓线、风速增加率、地表蚀积量及风沙堆积物变化规律。结果表明:随着风速的增加,输沙通量逐渐增加,地表粗糙度和蚀积深度呈现降低趋势;不同固沙林不同高度(h)的风速增加率均表现为中层(50 cm<h≤100 cm)最大,低层(10 cm<h≤50 cm)最小,说明固沙植物对低层风速有显著降低作用,增强了中层风速;不同固沙林输沙通量随着高度增加逐渐减小;柽柳林、梭梭-柽柳混交林后出现堆积现象,梭梭林前后为侵蚀现象。梭梭林、柽柳林以及梭梭-柽柳混交林均降低了近地表风速,有效拦截了风沙流,改变了表层风沙堆积物物质组成,梭梭-柽柳混交林防风固沙效果较好。In order to understand the impact of different wind prevention and sand-fixation forests on wind speed,sediment transport flux,and soil erosion intensity,and to provide technical support for plant selection and configuration in desertification areas.This study was conducted in Gongxiang Village,Qiatekale Township,Gaochang District,Turpan City,using meteorological stations,anemometers,sand collectors,and other monitoring equipment to measure wind speed,surface roughness,sediment transport flux,and other indicators at different heights in Haloxylon ammodendron forest,Tamarix chinensis forest,and H.ammodendron-T.chinensis mixed forest.The study analyzed and compared the wind speed profiles,wind speed increase rates,surface erosion depth,and windblown sand deposit patterns of different sand-fixing forests.The results showed that as wind speed increased,sediment transport flux gradually increased,while surface roughness and erosion depth showed a decreasing trend.The wind speed increase rate at different heights in different sand-fixing forests was highest in the middle layer(50 cm<h≤100 cm)and lowest in the lower layer(10 cm<h≤50 cm),indicating a significant reduction in wind speed in the lower layer by sand-fixing plants,and an enhancement of wind speed in the middle layer.The sediment transport flux decreased gradually with increasing height in different sand-fixing forests.Accumulation was observed in T.chinensis forest and H.ammodendron-T.chinensis mixed forest,while erosion was observed in H.ammodendron forest.H.ammodendron forest,Tamarix chinensis forest,and H.ammodendron-T.chinensis mixed forest all reduced the near-surface wind speed,effectively intercepted windblown sand flow,changed the composition of surface windblown sand accumulation,and demonstrated better wind prevention and sand-fixation effects in H.ammodendron-T.chinensis mixed forest.

关 键 词：防风固沙效益 风速廓线 风速增加率 输沙通量 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]