不同种类改性纤维素与生物炭配施对黄淮海平原土壤的改良效果  

Effects of Different Kinds of Combined Application of Modified Cellulose and Biochar on Soil Improvement in the Huanghuaihai Plain

作　　者：王志炜 魏宇 刘宏元 王春鑫[3] 陈峰[2] 赵光昕 WANG Zhi-wei;WEI Yu;LIU Hong-yuan;WANG Chun-xin;CHEN Feng;ZHAO Guang-xin(Shandong Provincial Territorial Spatial Ecological Restoration Center,Jinan 250100,China;Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Tianjin College,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Tianjin 301830)

机构地区：[1]山东省国土生态修复中心,济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院湿地农业与生态研究所,济南250100 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [4]北京科技大学天津学院,天津301830

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2024年第6期571-583,共13页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：山东省农业科学院横向课题“黄河流域生态型水田建设工程技术标准建设”(SDMLZY2203-01);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2023B01,CXGC2023F14);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(BSRF202203)。

摘　　要：在人工气候温室,以旱稻为供试作物,以改性纤维素和生物炭为土壤改良剂,采用盆栽实验,分析改性纤维素、生物炭以及二者配施对土壤理化性质、养分、水分以及旱稻萌发的影响。实验设置对照组CK(不添加改性纤维素和生物炭)、施加质量分数为0.05%的3种改性纤维素(CMC-NH_(4)、CMC-Na和CMC-K,分别标记为A1、B1和C1)、施加质量分数为0.10%的3种改性纤维素(分别标记为A2、B2和C2)、施加质量分数为0.50%的生物炭(D1)、质量分数为0.05%的3种改性纤维素与质量分数为0.50%的生物炭配施(分别标记为A1D1、B1D1和C1D1)、质量分数为0.10%的3种改性纤维素与质量分数为0.50%的生物炭配施(分别标记为A2D1、B2D1和C2D1),共14个处理,测定不同处理对土壤理化性质、养分、水分流失量、旱稻萌发的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,A1和A2处理均可以降低土壤pH值,分别达0.20和0.17个单位,而B1、B2、C2和D1处理均可以增加土壤pH值,分别达0.32、0.43、0.20和0.42个单位;与单施改性纤维素相比,CMC-NH_(4)和CMC-K与生物炭配施有增加土壤pH的趋势,而CMC-Na与生物炭配施对土壤pH无显著影响。与CK相比,A1、A2、B1和B2处理均可以显著增加土壤紧实度,分别达13.69%、22.90%、99.66%和113.58%;单施3种改性纤维素均在不同程度增加了土壤成块性和土壤表层结皮;A1D1、A2D1、B1D1和B2D1处理均可以在一定程度上降低土壤紧实度,分别达8.88%、11.78%、14.95%和14.24%,同时与单施改性纤维素相比,A1D1、A2D1、B1D1、B2D1、C1D1和C2D1处理也可以降低土壤表层结皮厚度,分别降低了52.55%、60.59%、29.94%、38.65%、43.54%和45.20%。与CK相比,A2和A2D1处理均可以显著增加土壤铵态氮含量,分别达275.84%和48.99%;而C1、C2、C1D1和C2D1处理均显著降低了土壤铵态氮含量,分别达51.01%、53.02%、41.61%和45.64%。单施3种改性纤维素和生物炭均在不同程度上增加了土壤硝态氮、速效磷、The persistent scarcity of water resources and suboptimal nutrient utilization rates are predominant challenges in agricultural production,both in China and globally.The modified cellulose and biochar have good functions of retaining water and fertilizer in soil.Authors employed these substances as soil amendments,investigating their individual and combined effects on the soil's physicochemical properties,nutrient content,moisture,and the germination of upland rice.The experiment was conducted in an artificial climate greenhouse,using upland rice as the test crop.A pot experiment was established with a control group CK(no modified cellulose or biochar),three types of modified cellulose(CMC-NH_(4),CMC-Na and CMC-K)each at a 0.05%mass fraction(labelled A1,B1 and C1),a 0.10%mass fraction(labelled A2,B2 and C2),and 0.50%biochar(D1),combinations of three modified celluloses at 0.05%and 0.10%mass fractions were used with 0.50%biochar(labeled A1D1,B1D1,C1D1,A2D1,B2D1 and C2D1)across 14 treatments.These treatments on soil's physicochemical properties(pH,compactness,surface crust thickness),nutrients(ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium),water loss,and upland rice germination(plant height,above-ground biomass)were analyzed.The results showed that:relative to CK,the A1 and A2 treatments reduced soil pH by 0.20 and 0.17 unit,respectively,whereas the B1,B2,C2 and D1 treatments increased it by 0.32,0.43,0.20 and 0.42 unit,respectively.CMC-NH_(4) and CMC-K combined with biochar showed a tendency to increase soil pH,in contrast to CMC-Na combined with biochar,which had no significant impact.Compared with CK,the A1,A2,B1 and B2 treatments notably enhanced soil compactness by 13.69%,22.90%,99.66%and 113.58%,respectively.Each modified cellulose type,when applied singly,variably increased soil clumping and surface crust formation.The A1D1,A2D1,B1D1 and B2D1 treatments moderately reduced soil compactness(8.88%,11.78%,14.95%and 14.24%),and when combined with biochar,also diminished the surface c

关 键 词：改性纤维素 生物炭 土壤养分 土壤保水性 生物量 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]