近60年新疆棉花苗期低温冷害时空变化规律  

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Low Temperature Injury on Cotton Seedlings in Xinjiang in the Past 60 Years

作　　者：孙帅 李顺澳 王森 王雪姣 火勋国 郭燕云 雷斌[4] SUN Shuai;LI Shun-ao;WANG Sen;WANG Xue-jiao;HUO Xun-guo;GUO Yan-yun;LEI Bin(Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;Wulanwusu Ecology and Agrometeorology Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang,Shihezi 832000;Xinjiang Agrometeorological Observatory/Information Centre of Xinjiang Xingnong Net,Urumqi 830002;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]乌兰乌苏生态与农业气象新疆野外科学观测研究站,石河子832000 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区农业气象台/新疆兴农网信息中心,乌鲁木齐830002 [4]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/新疆农作物生物科技重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2024年第6期678-688,共11页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2022D01B60);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B02001-1);新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才项目(2022SNGGNT067)。

摘　　要：利用新疆不同棉区46个国家基本气象站1961-2022年日平均气温,结合棉花苗期低温冷害监测指标,通过气候倾向率、MK突变检验、累积距平等方法,分析棉花苗期轻度、中度、重度低温冷害的时间和空间变化规律,为新疆不同棉区制定合理的防灾减灾措施提供科学依据。结果表明:1961-2022年全疆棉区苗期气温呈极显著上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.30℃·10a^(-1)。北疆、南疆和东疆棉区分别在1999年、2004年和2003年轻度苗期冷害发生频次较少。北疆棉区于2006年、南疆和东疆棉区于2008年中度苗期冷害发生频次较少。1975年、2003年北疆和南疆棉区分别进入重度苗期冷害较少发生的阶段。近60a新疆棉花苗期低温冷害多发生于20世纪80和90年代,轻度和中度冷害发生年份分别占研究时段的79.0%和37.1%,重度冷害发生年份仅占8.1%。棉花苗期低温冷害多发生于北疆棉区,其次是南疆棉区,东疆低温冷害发生最少。Low temperature and chilling injury is a major agricultural meteorological disaster restricting cotton production in Xinjiang.Therefore,this research used the daily average air temperature of 46 national basic meteorological stations in the northern,southern and eastern cotton areas of Xinjiang from 1961 to 2022.Combined with the monitoring indices of low temperature and chilling injury in cotton seedling stage.This research analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of mild,moderate and serious low temperature and chilling injury in cotton seedling stage by climate tendency rate,MK mutation test and accumulative anomaly.The aim was to provide scientific basis for rational formulation of disaster prevention and mitigation measures in different cotton areas of Xinjiang.The results indicate that the air temperature at the seedling stage in the cotton area of Xinjiang showed a significant upward trend between 1961 and 2022,with a tendency rate of 0.30℃·10y^(-1).In 1999,2004,and 2003,the occurrence of mild chilling injury during the seedling stage was less frequent in northern Xinjiang,southern Xinjiang,and eastern Xinjiang,respectively.Similarly,in 2006 and 2008,the frequency of moderate chilling injury during the seedling stage was lower in northern Xinjiang,southern Xinjiang,and eastern Xinjiang.In 1975 and 2003,the cotton areas of northern and southern Xinjiang entered the stage of less occurrence of serious seedling chilling injury.In the past 60 years,the low temperature and chilling injury at seedling stage in Xinjiang occurred more frequently in the 1980s and 1990s.The years of mild and moderate chilling injury accounted for 79.0%and 37.1%of the study period,respectively,and the years of serious chilling injury accounted for only 8.1%.The low temperature and chilling injury at seedling stage mainly in mild and moderate forms,primarily in the northern Xinjiang cotton area,followed by the southern Xinjiang cotton area.The occurrence of low temperature and chilling injury was lowest in eastern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：棉花 苗期 低温冷害 变化规律 气候变化 

分 类 号：S426[农业科学—植物保护] S562