全产业链贯通布局下钒液流电池长时储能发展思考  

Strategic considerations for the development of vanadium redox flow batteries for long-duration energy storage within a fully integrated industry chain

作　　者：魏甲明[1] 陈宋璇[1] 付云枫 刘召波 曹迪 周博 刘海 WEI Jiaming;CHEN Songxuan;FU Yunfeng;LIU Zhaobo;CAO Di;ZHOU Bo;LIU Hai(China ENFI Engineering Corporation,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国恩菲工程技术有限公司,北京100038

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2024年第3期7-18,共12页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

摘　　要：清洁能源的发展和“双碳”目标的实施推动了能源结构调整和电网系统升级,这必将催生巨大的万亿长时储能需求,麦肯锡预测2030年全球可再生能源占比将升至60%~70%,长时储能比2025年增加5~10倍(预计2025年30~40 GW)。全钒液流电池相比其他电化学储能具有安全长寿、灵活可靠、资源丰富等优点,2018~2023年国家和地方发布了多项清洁能源储能配置标准的政策性文件,在此背景下钒储能电池行业企业持续高速增长,行业集中度提升,宏观领域表现为我国钒储能产业正处在加速发展期。目前,钒储能电池总体成本较高,主要原因是钒原料价格高,降低成本的核心环节是钒资源提取成本和电解液生产制造成本。中国恩菲研发的短流程制备钒电解液技术相对于传统钒电解液制备技术具有流程短、钒利用率高的特点,制造成本降低了30%~50%,后期随着钒资源开发和新工艺的研发成功,钒储能产业降本优势将愈发突出。在国家政策支持下,钒液流电池储能系统有望在短期内实现规模化、商业化应用,成为储能领域的重要选择。未来,钒液流电池储能系统仍需从多方面进行优化,如重视技术创新和研发、健全回收利用体系等,以实现钒液流电池长时储能产业的可持续发展。The advancement of clean energy and the implementation of“dual-carbon”goals are reshaping energy structures and upgrading grid systems,precipitating a massive demand for long-duration energy storage,projected to increase five to ten times by 2030 compared to 2025.Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs),known for their safety,longevity,flexibility,and abundance of resources,have seen a surge in development,driven by several policy frameworks aimed at clean energy storage standards.Currently,the high cost of VRFBs,primarily due to the expensive vanadium raw materials,poses a significant challenge.A key cost reduction strategy involves optimizing the extraction of vanadium resources and manufacturing of electrolytes.The short-process technology for preparing vanadium electrolyte,developed by China ENFI,reduces manufacturing costs by 30%to 50%and is characterized by a streamlined process and higher vanadium utilization.With continued advancements in resource extraction and process innovation,the cost-reduction potential of the VRFB industry is set to enhance markedly.Supported by national policies,vanadium flow batteries are poised for rapid commercialization and scalability,positioning them as a vital technology in the energy storage sector.Future development will require a multi-faceted approach,including significant emphasis on technological innovation,research,and an effective recycling system,to ensure the sustainable growth of the long-duration vanadium flow battery energy storage industry.

关 键 词：钒液流电池 长时储能 清洁能源开发 新能源配储 制造成本 储能技术 钒电解液制备 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]