优化施肥对早稻中早39产量和氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of optimizing fertilization on the yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of early rice Zhongzao 39

作　　者：王董兴 陶娟花 陈德 李晓[3] 石其伟 叶雪珠[2] WANG Dongxing;TAO Juanhua;CHEN De;LI Xiao;SHI Qiwei;YE Xuezhu(Agricultural and Aquatic Technology Promotion Station in Keqiao District of Shaoxing City,Shaoxing 312030,Zhejiang;Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,Zhejiang;Jiangsu Huachang Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215634,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]绍兴市柯桥区农业水产技术推广站,浙江绍兴312030 [2]浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,浙江杭州310021 [3]江苏华昌化工股份有限公司,江苏苏州215634

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2024年第6期1312-1315,共4页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：氮肥等化肥的过量施用是我国农业和环境领域面临的主要问题之一,探索适用于区域化推广的化肥减量技术和减量比例、提高氮肥肥料利用率,意义重大。基于此,该研究以早稻品种中早39为材料,通过田间小区试验,设置不施肥(CK)、不施氮(N0)、农户常规施肥(CG)和优化施肥(YH)处理,研究其对早稻产量、氮吸收、氮肥利用率等的影响。结果表明,CK和N0处理水稻产量无显著差异,CG和YH处理产量无显著差异,但显著高于CK和N0;与CK相比,CG和YH处理籽粒产量分别增加了115.96%和90.55%,秸秆产量分别增加了95.32%和67.89%,籽粒中N含量分别增加了31.0%和33.7%,CG和YH处理水稻籽粒N吸收量分别增加了1.8和1.5倍;CG和YH处理水稻氮肥利用率分别为40.90%和43.08%;与CK相比,不同施肥处理土壤pH值、有机质和全氮含量总体上无显著变化。本研究表明,N是影响水稻产量的决定因子,在当前的试验条件下施用包膜尿素并减少20%的氮肥用量能够实现水稻的稳产。The excessive application of nitrogen and other chemical fertilizers is one of the main problems faced by China′s agriculture and environmental fields.Exploring fertilizer reduction technologies which were suitable for regional promotion,and improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers,is of great significance.On this regards,this study used the early rice variety Zhongzao 39 as the experimental material and a field experiment was conducted.The effects of treatments including no fertilization(CK),no nitrogen application(N0),conventional fertilization(CG),and optimized fertilization(YH)on early rice yield,nitrogen uptake,and nitrogen utilization efficiency were studied.The results showed that there was no significant difference in rice yield between CK and N0 treatments,and there was no significant difference in yield between CG and YH treatments,while they were significantly higher than in CK and N0 treatments;Compared with CK,CG and YH treatments increased rice yield by 115.96%and 90.55%,increased straw yield by 95.32%and 67.89%,and increased N content in grains by 31.0%and 33.7%,respectively.CG and YH treatments increased N uptake in rice grains by 1.8 and 1.5 times,respectively;The nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of rice treated with CG and YH was 40.90%and 43.08%,respectively;Compared with CK,there were no significant changes in soil pH,organic matter,and total nitrogen content under different fertilization treatments.This study indicates that N is the determining factor affecting rice yield,and under current experimental conditions,applying coated urea and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application by 20%can achieve stable rice yield.

关 键 词：化肥减量 肥料利用率 包膜尿素 水稻产量 氮吸收量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]