农田氮磷生态拦截沟工程对粮食功能区氮磷减排效果  

Effect of farmland nitrogen and phosphorus ecological interception ditch project on nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction in grain functional areas

作　　者：徐著 XU Zhu(Xiaoshan Agricultural&Forestry Technology Extension Center,Hangzhou 311200,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]杭州市萧山区农(林)业技术推广中心,浙江杭州311200

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2024年第6期1491-1495,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：农业生产中的氮、磷等养分流失是农田生态系统、水体与湿地生态系统中养分盈余的主要来源,是造成面源污染的重要原因。生态沟渠对传统农田排水沟渠系统进行升级与改造,通过土壤-微生物-植物形成生态链平衡系统,利用其新陈代谢协同降解农田排水中的有机物、氮、磷等污染物,同时辅助脱氮除磷装置、拦截转化池和底泥污染捕获系统等功能性设备,进一步提高农田排水中污染物的拦截效果。在该沟渠建设实例中,通过对农田氮磷生态沟渠水质中的总氮、总磷、氨氮和高锰酸盐指数进行监测分析并得出有效去除率,观测到农田氮磷生态沟渠能够显著降低农田排水中氨氮、总氮和总磷的浓度,并且沟渠中的拦截设施对污染物的去除效果明显,为萧山区粮食功能区农业面源减排提供技术模板,为进一步推动绿色农业发展创造了有利条件。Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agricultural production is the main source of nutrient surplus in farmland ecosystems,water bodies and wetland ecosystems,leading to agricultural non-point pollution.Ecological ditch improves the effect of pollutant interception in the farmland drainage by upgrading and reforming the traditional farmland drainage ditch system,through forming the soil-microorganisms-plants balancing system with improving its metabolism to synergistically degrade the organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and other pollutants in the farmland drainage,as well as by the auxiliary denitrification and dephosphorization devices,interception and transformation pools and substrate contamination capture systems and other functional equipment.This case observed the concentrations of total nitrogen,phosphorus,ammonia and permanganate index to calculate their removal efficiency.The results indicated that ecological ditch significantly reduced the concentrations of ammonia,total nitrogen and phosphorus and devices in the ditch presented effective removal effect.This case provided effective technology to reduce agricultural non-point pollution in Xiaoshan District,and promote the development of green agriculture.

关 键 词：农田氮磷生态拦截沟 拦截转化池装置 跌水堰 生态透水坝 总氮 总磷 氨氮 高锰酸盐指数 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52