近距离煤层垂向采空区高静储瞬态充水模式与解危技术  

Transient water filling model and danger relieving technology of high static reserves in vertical goaf of close range coal seams

作　　者：樊振丽[1,2,3] 曹路通 申晨辉 邵远洋 Fan Zhenli;Cao Lutong;Shen Chenhui;Shao Yuanyang(Coal Mining and Designing Department,Tiandi Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;Coal Mining and Designing Branch,China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部,北京100013 [2]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013 [3]煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院,北京100013

出　　处：《能源与环保》2024年第5期1-7,共7页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51704158);天地科技股份有限公司开采事业部科技创新基金项目(KJ-2021-KCQN-03,TDKC-2022-QN-03,TDKC-2022-MS-02)。

摘　　要：榆神府矿区侏罗纪煤田垂向层序上赋存多个煤层,当下层煤开采时,面临上部近距离采空区积水威胁,基于垂向采空区充水模式的综合解危技术是下层煤安全回采的关键。通过分析煤层顶板岩性组合、含隔水层以及导水裂缝带发育高度特征,形成了近距离煤层垂向采空区高静储瞬态充水模式,认为基岩风化带水、火烧区水、第四系萨拉乌苏组松散层潜水以及大气降水是浅层采空区的直接或间接补给水源,在上部煤层采空区中形成较高水位的静储量;近距离煤层下层煤开采时,导水裂缝带沟通上部采空区,高静储积水以瞬间溃入形式进入下层煤回采工作面。针对高静储采空区积水威胁,提出了“近距离煤层充水模型建立—采空区积水范围探测与积水量预计—垂向采空区积水解危—疏控效果评价”4阶段解危模式,形成了解危成功的判别标准,即当钻孔疏放量等于动态补给量时,可认定采空区静储量积水已基本疏放完毕,采空区积水威胁解除。该成果在神木惠宝煤矿成功应用,对类似条件下的矿井具有借鉴意义。There are several coal seams in the vertical sequence of Jurassic Coalfield in Yushenfu mining area.When the lower coal is mined,it is threatened by the water accumulation in the upper close range goaf.The comprehensive danger relieving technology based on the water filling mode in the vertical goaf is the key to the safe mining of the lower coal.By analyzing the lithological combination of coal seam roof,the development height characteristics of aquifers and water conducted fracture zones,a high static reserve transient water filling mode was formed in the vertical goaf of close range coal seams.It was believed that the bedrock weathering zone water,fire zone water,loose layer groundwater of the Quaternary Salawusu Formation,and atmospheric precipitation were the direct or indirect water supply sources for shallow goaf,and a static reserve with a higher water level was formed in the upper coal seam goaf.When mining the lower coal seam at close range,the water conducted fracture zone communicates with the upper goaf,and the high static reserve water entered the lower coal mining face in an instant burst form.Aiming at the threat of water accumulation in upper goaf with high static reserves,a four-stage danger relieving mode of"establishment of water filling model in close range coal seams-detection of the range of water in goaf and prediction of water volume in goaf-danger relieving of water accumulation in vertical goaf-evaluation of drainage control effect"was proposed,forming the criterion of success in danger relieving,that was,when the drainage amount of borehole was equal to the dynamic recharge amount,It can be determined that the water in the static reserves of the goaf was basically dredged and the threat of the water in the goaf has been relieved.The result was successfully applied in Huibao Coal Mine,which has reference significance for mines of similar conditions.

关 键 词：近距离煤层开采 采空区水害 导水裂缝带 充水模式 疏放水 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]