足球与蹴鞠对冲关系的文明类型学分析  

Analysis of the Hedging Relationship Between Football and Cuju From the Perspective of Civilization Typology

作　　者：路云亭 LU Yunting(School of Journalism and Communication,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育大学新闻与传播学院,上海200438

出　　处：《太原师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期79-90,共12页Journal of Taiyuan Normal University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：英式足球高度戏仿狩猎的取向生发于人类的游猎时代,它一度是英国的风俗游戏。由于法哲学、职业化、契约化元素的介入,英式足球演化为一种现代体育形态。英式足球的最终胜出与岛国的气候、希腊体育精神的遗脉以及工业革命后英国社会的系统性变革有关。一方面足球仍旧包括着球类运动的游戏性、教育性、童话性与风俗性特质,另一方面又超出了以上领域,演进上升到一种身体演绎的信仰体系。从人类学的角度看,人与动物的关系体现在功利性的狩猎行为、精神性图腾崇拜以及祈愿性的祭祀寓意层面。东亚的蹴鞠最终未能成为主流体育项目,主要还在于它是农耕文明的产物,体现的是农耕文明的本体价值观,类似的游戏形态脱离了人与猎物斗智斗勇的活性场面,缺失了人与猎物直接竞争时产生的应激反应内涵,难以再产生技能、思想与创造力。蹴鞠和其他诸多以脚触球的游戏一样,最终只能停留在风俗游戏的层面,而未能转型为竞技体育,从而失去了更为广泛的社会意义。Football used to be a traditional game in England,imitating hunting in the early age.Under the influence of legal philosophy,professionalization,and contractual elements,football has evolved into a modern form of sports.The rising of football is related to the climate of the island country,the legacy of Greek sportsmanship,and the systemic changes in British society after the Industrial Revolution.On one hand,football still keeps the features of gameplay,education,fairy tales,and customs of ball sports;on the other hand,it goes beyond that and has evolved into a belief system of bodily interpretation.From an anthropological perspective,the relationship between humans and animals is reflected in utilitarian hunting behavior,spiritual totem worship,and the symbolic worship.On the contrast,Cuju in East Asia ultimately fails to become a mainstream sports event because it is a product of agricultural civilization,reflecting the inherent values of agricultural civilization.Similar game though,it detaches from the active scene of prey competition and lack the stress response generated by direct competition between humans and prey,making it difficult to generate skills,ideas,and creativity.Cuju,like many other games where players touch the ball with their feet,ultimately only stays at the level of traditional games and cannot transform into competitive sports,thus losing its broader social significance.

关 键 词：社群生活方式 竞技体育 足球 蹴鞠 球类游戏 文明类型 

分 类 号：G80[文化科学—运动人体科学] G843[文化科学—体育学]