适应水位变化的三峡库区消落带碳汇提升设计及效益评估  

Optimization and Assessment of Carbon Sink in the Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Adapted to Water Level Changes

作　　者：张展菲 袁嘉[1,2,3] 唐婷 陈鸿飞 ZHANG Zhanfei;YUAN Jia;TANG Ting;CHEN Hongfei(Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University;Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area,Ministry of Education,Chongqing University;Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Governance of Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Chongqing University)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院 [2]重庆大学山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室 [3]重庆大学三峡库区消落区生态修复与治理研究中心

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第6期19-27,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“山地城市水敏性区域草本植物群落适应性设计研究”(编号51808065);国家自然科学基金项目面上项目“乡村景观中小微湿地网络及其调控机理研究”(编号52178031);国家自然科学基金重点项目“宜居城乡景观生态规划理论与方法——以西南山地为例”(编号52238003)。

摘　　要：【目的】三峡库区消落带受周期性的水位涨落及冬季长时间深水淹没影响,碳汇能力遭受严重破坏。如何恢复并充分发挥消落带生态系统的碳汇潜力,成为三峡库区生态治理的关键议题。【方法】针对复杂水位变化挑战,提出以林塘模式修复消落带生态系统并提升碳汇能力的技术框架,选取位于三峡库区腹心的大浪坝消落带开展实证研究。运用CASA模型测算修复前后大浪坝消落带的净初级生产力(net primary productivity,NPP),基于植被生物量数据计算修复后大浪坝消落带与未修复对照组内不同高程带的碳汇能力,评估林塘碳汇系统的可持续效益。【结果】修复后大浪坝消落带的碳汇能力随时间推移明显提升,NPP由2012年的154.4 g C·m^(2)·a^(-1)增长至2016年的182.5 g C·m^(2)·a^(-1);各高程带的碳汇能力均显著高于对照组,并呈现出随海拔降低而减弱的趋势,170~175 m高程带碳汇能力达到1.827 kg C/m^(2),160~165 m高程带碳汇能力仅为0.830 kg C/m^(2)。林塘系统增强了生态系统的适应性和复原力,形成了适应水位变化的立体固碳模式并有效提升了碳汇效率。【结论】林塘碳汇系统是应对三峡库区复杂水位变化和长时间深水淹没挑战的适应性探索,显示出景观优化、生物多样性、经济效益与碳汇协同耦合的关键特征。研究成果能够为中国大型工程型水库消落带的治理及碳增汇提供科学依据与可复制推广的创新技术模式。[Objective]The water level fluctuation zone(WLFZ)in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area confronts substantial ecological challenges,primarily due to the periodic water level fluctuation and prolonged deep-water submersion in winter,which significantly compromise the carbon sink capacity of the WLFZ and result in multi-source carbon emissions.Transforming these challenges into opportunities for restoring and augmenting the carbon sink potential of the WLFZ's ecosystem constitutes a critical aspect of ecological management within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.[Methods]This research advocates for the implementation of a forest-pond system as a strategic framework for ecosystem restoration in the WLFZ,aimed at bolstering the WLFZ's carbon sink function.Taking the Dalangba WLFZ located at the epicenter of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area as the research object,the research evaluates the restoration effectiveness and functional efficiency of the forest-pond system.The research employs the CarnegieAmes-Stanford approach(CASA)model to estimate the net primary productivity(NPP)of the Dalangba WLFZ,and evaluates the changes in carbon sink function before and after ecological restoration,unveiling the spatio-temporal dynamics of carbon sink in this intricate ecosystem that are influenced by significant fluctuations in water levels.This methodology entails a comprehensive analysis of vegetation type map,meteorological data,normalized vegetation index(NDVI),and land use information,which are synchronized under a unified projection system to ensure spatial congruence.Vegetation maps spanning the period from 2012 to 2020 are meticulously georeferenced to match environmental variables,offering an in-depth temporal perspective on vegetative transitions.To further explore the carbon sink capacity of the forest-pond system,detailed field surveys are undertaken across various elevation zones in the Dalangba WLFZ in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,with the Dalangba WLFZ being compared with the Xiaolangba WLFZ not subject to ecological r

关 键 词：风景园林 生态修复 三峡库区 消落带 碳汇系统设计 碳汇评估 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]