哈尔滨城市河流廊道草本层自生植物多样性及分布特征  

Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Spontaneous Vegetation in Herbaceous Layer of Urban River Corridors in Harbin

作　　者：申沛鑫 任术 梁新悦 胡远东[1,3,4] SHEN Peixin;REN Shu;LIANG Xinyue;HU Yuandong(School of Landscape Architecture,Northeast Forestry University;Daqing Natural Resources Bureau;Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation Research,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology;Key Lab for Garden Plant Germplasm Development&Landscape Eco-Restoration in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学园林学院 [2]大庆市自然资源局 [3]西安建筑科技大学交叉创新研究院 [4]黑龙江寒地园林植物种质资源开发与景观生态修复重点实验室

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第6期28-36,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金“黑龙江城市植被多样性格局及成因论研究”(编号LH2023E007)。

摘　　要：【目的】河流廊道是城市自生植物重要的栖息地,揭示其自生植物多样性分布格局及成因,有助于完善城市植被研究体系、指导城市生物多样性保育以及低维护与可持续绿地景观营造。【方法】采取均匀取样法和典型取样法,选取哈尔滨市何家沟和马家沟两条河流廊道的中心城区段共951个样方展开草本层自生植物调查,并解析3个大类生境和11类微生境中的自生植物多样性及分布特征。【结果】1)共记录草本层自生植物151种,隶属于36科、112属;2)中低等城市化水平(Ⅰ~Ⅲ)下的草本层自生植物及乡土植物的α多样性显著高于其他城市化水平(Ⅳ~Ⅴ)下的α多样性;不同类型生境自生植物的多样性特征差异显著,入侵植物呈现均质化分布格局;3)不同生境类型所处的坡向、距水体的距离、植被结构、管理强度等因素对自生植物的生活型、发生方式以及扩散方式均产生显著影响。【结论】为哈尔滨城市河流廊道生物多样性的保育以及低碳、低维护植物景观设计提供了新的视角,通过合理留存和利用自生植物,能最大限度地发挥河流廊道绿地的各项生态服务功能。[Objective]In recent decades,the excessive development and continuous expansion of urban rivers and their surroundings have led to a series of ecological issues such as habitat fragmentation and loss,environmental pollution,invasion of alien species,and a sharp decrease in biodiversity.Urban rivers,as the interlace zones of urban aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems,play a crucial role as key ecological corridors and important habitats for biodiversity.They not only provide outdoor activities and recreational spaces for city residents,but also significantly contribute to the integrity and stability of urban ecosystems.River corridors serve as vital habitats for spontaneous vegetation,which are profoundly affected by urban development and human activities,leading to the formation of highly heterogeneous habitats.Spontaneous vegetation is an excellent subject for studying the feedback mechanisms between urbanization and urban ecosystems,and holds great potential for addressing issues such as urban biodiversity loss,pollution control,ecological restoration and rewilding,and for creating low-maintenance and sustainable plantscape.Based on this,this research takes the native plants in herbaceous layer in the central urban sections of the Hejiagou and Majiagou river corridors in Harbin as the research object,analyzes the compositional characteristics of spontaneous vegetation across different urbanization levels and habitats,elucidates the distribution patterns of spontaneous vegetation diversity and their influencing factors,and reveals the strategies for spontaneous vegetation to adapt to highly heterogeneous habitats.[Methods]The research period is from June to September 2022.In this research,a combination of uniform and typical sampling methods are employed to conduct a survey of spontaneous vegetation in herbaceous layer in 951 quadrats along the Hejiagou and Majiagou river corridors in Harbin.The river corridor habitats are classified into three major categories of river channels,revetments,and uplands,which are fu

关 键 词：生物多样性 生境异质性 城市化水平 河流廊道 草本层自生植物 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU985.12