基于自生植物的城市公园草本层养护管理优化策略——以北京市西城区为例  

Optimization Strategy for Maintenance Management of Herbaceous Layer in Urban Parks Based on Spontaneous Plants:A Case Study of Xicheng District,Beijing

作　　者：张丽丽 郝培尧[1] 董丽[1] 王应临[1,2] ZHANG Lili;HAO Peiyao;DONG Li;WANG Yinglin(School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University;Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Beijing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院 [2]北京林业大学城乡生态环境北京实验室

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第6期46-54,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“城市绿地空间格局优化与目标物种筛选管护技术”(编号2023YFF1304602)。

摘　　要：【目的】中国城市绿地建设迎来低碳发展的关键时期,自生植物的应用为解决城市公园植物景观养护管理成本高昂及生物多样性下降等问题提供了有效途径。然而,关于自生植物与城市公园养护管理之间相互影响关系及相应管理策略的研究尚不足。【方法】以北京市西城区13个城市公园为例,在梳理国内外养护管理政策及发展现状的基础上,通过文献收集和实地踏勘,分析不同类型公园养护管理差异对自生植物物种组成、多样性及群落组成的影响。【结果】1)城市公园养护管理措施因公园类型而存在差异,主要体现在除草和修剪措施上;2)实地踏勘共记录自生植物17科32属36种,近自然公园物种数最多;不同公园养护管理差异对于自生植物丰富度和多样性的影响无显著差异;但对均匀度的影响存在显著差异,大型传统公园的均匀度最高;此外,近自然公园以多年生植物群落为主,传统公园以一、二年生植物群落为主;3)城市公园养护管理面临缺乏差异化的养护管理技术措施、亟须重视自生植物群落的应用两大问题;4)提出适用于不同类型公园的养护管理工作优化策略。【结论】研究结果可以为城市公园养护管理工作变革提供新的思路和方向,有效促进城市低碳可持续发展建设。[Objective]With climate change and other environmental problems becoming increasingly severe,the construction of China's ecological civilization has entered a critical period of green,low-carbon and circular development.Although garden plants are a key link in the carbon cycle of urban ecosystems,most of the plants cultivated in urban parks are ornamental ones that entail longterm,high-intensity maintenance management,which often consumes a large amount of resources and makes it difficult to balance the carbon emissions generated by human life.In this context,how to obtain maximum ecological benefits with minimum resource consumption has become an urgent task for the transformation and development of urban green space,and the resource saving rate and energy saving and emission reduction benefits of urban parks have become the focus of attention.Near-natural parks,as an effective solution,typically select low-maintenance or even self-maintained native plants with compound,heterogeneous and mixed community structures,and these parks only entail low-maintenance management.Meanwhile,self-maintained plants,as widespread urban native plants,do not require much maintenance management,and this feature,combined with the concept of low-cost management,has made them the ideal plant material used in near-natural parks and the focus of attention in traditional parks.The emergence of low-carbon gardens has put forward new ideas to meet the needs of low-carbon development,and near-natural parks are an important practice of low-carbon gardens that aim to explore the high carbon sink benefits of spontaneous plants during the planting,maintenance,and construction of plantscape dominated by native plant communities.Spontaneous plants are usually regarded as weeds,existing in areas of spontaneous growth in urban parks without proper care and management,and are the main targets for gardeners to remove.[Methods]Taking the 13 urban parks in Xicheng District,Beijing as an example,this research,on the basis of combing domestic and intern

关 键 词：风景园林 低碳园林 物种多样性 养护管理 自生植物 近自然公园 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]